Shloka 10

Draupadī’s Instruction on Marital Conduct and Household Discipline (चित्तग्रहण-उपदेश)

Devanagari script

प्रेष्य चाग्निरथर्वाणमन्यं देशं ततो5गमत्‌ । मत्स्यास्तस्य समाचख्यु: क्रुद्धस्तानग्निरब्रवीत्‌ भक्ष्या वै विविधैभविर्भविष्यथ शरीरिणाम्‌

Transliteration

preṣya cāgnir atharvāṇam anyaṃ deśaṃ tato 'gamat | matsyās tasya samācakhyuḥ kruddhas tān agnir abravīt bhakṣyā vai vividhair bhavir bhaviṣyatha śarīriṇām ||

Translation

Sau khi sai Atharvan đi, thần Agni liền rời sang một miền khác. Bầy cá đã báo điều ấy cho ông; Agni nổi giận với chúng và phán rằng: “Quả thật, các ngươi sẽ trở thành thức ăn cho các loài hữu thân, được dâng cúng dưới nhiều dạng lễ vật tế tự.”

Word by Word

• प्रेष्य: having sent
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रेष्
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भाव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अग्निः: Agni (the fire-god)
• अग्निः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अथर्वाणम्: Atharvan (a sage)
• अथर्वाणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अथर्वन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अन्यम्: another
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• देशम्: place, region
• देशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ततः: then, from there
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• अगमत्: went
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: Aorist (लुङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मत्स्याः: the fish (people of Matsya / fish)
• मत्स्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत्स्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तस्य: of him
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• समाचख्युः: reported, informed
• Type: Verb
• Root: चक्ष्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अग्निः: Agni
• अग्निः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अब्रवीत्: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भक्ष्याः: edible / to be eaten
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भक्ष्य
• Form: यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive; 'to be eaten') used as predicate adjective, Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• विविधैः: with various (kinds)
• विविधैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• भविः: offerings, oblations
• भविः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भविस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• भविष्यथ: you will become
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Simple Future (लृट्), 2nd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• शरीरिणाम्: of embodied beings
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरीरिन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Agni
• Atharvan
• Matsya (fishes)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Actions that provoke or betray powerful forces invite consequences; the verse also reflects the sacrificial worldview in which beings circulate as nourishment and offerings within a larger cosmic order.

What is happening in the narrative?

Agni sends Atharvan away and leaves for another place. The fishes inform Agni of this, and Agni—angered—pronounces that they will become food for embodied beings, linked to the idea of being consumed and offered through various oblations.