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Shloka 99

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

ये पापानि न कुर्वन्ति मनोवाक्कर्मबुद्धिभि: । ते तपन्ति महात्मानो न शरीरस्य शोषणम्‌,जो मन, वाणी, क्रिया और बुद्धिके द्वारा कभी पाप नहीं करते हैं, वे ही महात्मा तपस्वी हैं। शरीरको सुखा देना ही तपस्या नहीं है

ye pāpāni na kurvanti manovākkarmabuddhibhiḥ | te tapanti mahātmāno na śarīrasya śoṣaṇam ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Những bậc đại tâm thực hành khổ hạnh chân chính là những người không làm điều tội lỗi bằng tâm, lời nói, hành động hay trí hiểu. Khổ hạnh không chỉ là làm thân xác khô héo.”

येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पापानिsins, evil deeds
पापानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्वन्तिdo, commit
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मनःby mind
मनः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाक्by speech
वाक्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मby action/deed
कर्म:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
बुद्धिभिःby (their) understanding/intellect
बुद्धिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तपन्तिpractice austerity, do tapas
तपन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
महात्मानःgreat-souled ones
महात्मानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शरीरस्यof the body
शरीरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
शोषणम्drying up, emaciation (mortification)
शोषणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootशोषण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

True tapas is ethical restraint and purity across mind, speech, action, and discernment; mere physical mortification or emaciation is not the essence of austerity.

In the Vana Parva’s reflective discourse, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates a dharma-centered definition of austerity, shifting emphasis from external bodily hardship to inner moral discipline.