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Shloka 77

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

जो मदिरा नहीं पीते, जिनपर किसी प्रकारका दोष नहीं लगाया गया है तथा जो अन्य द्विज विधिपूर्वक वेदोंकी संहिताका पाठ करते हैं, वे सदा दूसरोंको तारनेमें समर्थ होते हैं ७६ ।। हव्यं कव्यं च यत्‌ किंचित्‌ सर्व तच्छोत्रियो5हति । दत्तं हि श्रोत्रिये साधौ ज्वलितेडग्नौ यथा हुतम्‌,हव्य (यज्ञ) और कव्य (श्राद्ध)-की जितनी भी वस्तुएँ हैं, श्रोत्रिय ब्राह्मण उन सबको पानेका अधिकारी है। श्रेष्ठ श्रोत्रियको दिया हुआ दान उतना ही सफल होता है, जैसे प्रज्वलित अग्निमें दी हुई आहुति

yo madirāṁ na pibanti, yeṣāṁ ca kenacit prakāreṇa doṣo na samāropitaḥ, tathā ye ’nye dvijā vidhivat vedānāṁ saṁhitā-pāṭhaṁ kurvanti, te sadā ’nyān tārayituṁ samarthāḥ. havyaṁ kavyaṁ ca yat kiṁcit sarvaṁ tac chrotriyo ’rhati. dattaṁ hi śrotriye sādhau jvalite ’gnau yathā hutam.

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Những người không uống chất say, không bị ai cáo buộc lỗi lầm, và những bậc ‘nhị sinh’ khác trì tụng đúng pháp các Veda Saṃhitā—những người ấy luôn có thể giúp kẻ khác vượt qua. Bất cứ vật gì được dâng làm havya trong tế lễ hay làm kavya trong nghi thức cúng tổ tiên, vị Bà-la-môn śrotriya uyên thâm kinh điển đều xứng đáng thọ nhận. Bố thí cho một śrotriya xứng đáng sinh quả như lễ vật rưới vào ngọn lửa đang bừng cháy.”

हव्यम्oblational offering (for gods)
हव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहव्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कव्यम्ancestral offering (for pitṛs)
कव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकव्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्whatever
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
किंचित्anything at all; some
किंचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिंचित्
सर्वम्all (of that)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
श्रोत्रियःa learned Veda-reciter (śrotriya brāhmaṇa)
श्रोत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रोत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्हतिis entitled to; deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दत्तम्given (gift/donation)
दत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदा
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
श्रोत्रियेin/unto a śrotriya (learned brāhmaṇa)
श्रोत्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रोत्रिय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
साधौin a virtuous (person)
साधौ:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ज्वलितेin (one that is) blazing
ज्वलिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootज्वल्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अग्नौin the fire
अग्नौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यथाas; just like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
हुतम्offered (as oblation)
हुतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहु
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
śrotriya (learned Brahmin)
H
havya (yajña offering)
K
kavya (śrāddha offering)
A
agni (fire)

Educational Q&A

The passage teaches that moral purity (avoiding intoxicants, being free from blame) and disciplined Vedic learning make a person spiritually beneficial to others, and that gifts and ritual offerings yield the greatest merit when directed to a worthy śrotriya—like an oblation placed into a well-kindled fire.

Yudhiṣṭhira is articulating standards of worthiness in religious life: who is fit to receive sacrificial and ancestral offerings, and why giving to such a recipient is considered especially efficacious within the dharma framework.