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Shloka 37

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

अन्नमेव विशिष्ट हि तस्मात्‌ परतरं न च,अतः अन्न ही सबसे महत्त्वकी वस्तु है। उससे बढ़कर दूसरी कोई वस्तु नहीं है। वेदोंमें अन्नको प्रजापति कहा गया है। प्रजापति संवत्सर माना गया है। संवत्सर यज्ञरूप है और यज्ञमें सबकी स्थिति है

annam eva viśiṣṭaṁ hi tasmāt parataraṁ na ca | ataḥ annaṁ hi sarvebhyaḥ mahatvākī vastuḥ | tasmād bṛhataraṁ dvitīyā kācid vastuḥ na vidyate | vedeṣu annaṁ prajāpatiḥ iti ucyate | prajāpatiḥ saṁvatsaraḥ mataḥ | saṁvatsaraḥ yajñarūpaḥ, yajñe ca sarvasya sthitiḥ |

Mārkaṇḍeya nói: “Chỉ có thức ăn là tối thượng; không gì vượt hơn nó. Vì vậy, thức ăn là điều quan trọng nhất trong muôn vật—không có điều thứ hai nào lớn hơn. Trong các Veda, thức ăn được gọi là Prajāpati; Prajāpati được hiểu là Năm (saṁvatsara). Năm mang bản tính của tế lễ, và trong tế lễ, phúc lợi cùng sự ổn định của mọi loài được an lập.”

अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विशिष्टम्distinguished/supreme
विशिष्टम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तस्मात्from that/therefore
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
परतरम्higher/superior
परतरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरतर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
A
Anna (food)
V
Vedas
P
Prajāpati
S
Saṁvatsara (the Year)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

Food (anna) is presented as the highest practical and sacred support of life. By linking anna with Prajāpati, the Year (saṁvatsara), and sacrifice (yajña), the verse teaches that sustenance, time, and sacrificial duty form a single ethical-cosmic framework: life is maintained through orderly giving, reciprocity, and reverence for the sources of nourishment.

Mārkaṇḍeya is instructing his listeners by elevating the status of food from mere material necessity to a Vedic principle. He explains a chain of identifications—food as Prajāpati, Prajāpati as the Year, the Year as sacrifice—to show that the stability of all beings rests upon the sacrificial order that sustains nourishment and life.