Shloka 110

कृतयुगवर्णनम् तथा राजधर्मोपदेशः

Kṛtayuga Description and Instruction on Royal Dharma

Devanagari script

क्षत्रियाश्ष प्रवर्तन्ते सर्ववर्णानुरंजनै: । वैश्या: कृषिं यथान्यायं कारयन्ति नराधिप,नरेश्वर! क्षत्रिय राजा सब वर्णोकी प्रजाका अनुरंजन करते--सबको सुखी और प्रसन्न रखते थे। वैश्य न्यायपूर्वक खेतीका काम और व्यापार करते थे

Transliteration

kṣatriyāś ca pravartante sarvavarṇānurañjanaiḥ | vaiśyāḥ kṛṣiṃ yathānyāyaṃ kārayanti narādhipa |

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Các kṣatriya thi hành bổn phận của mình bằng cách giành được thiện cảm của mọi đẳng cấp—khiến ai nấy đều an vui và thuận hòa. Còn các vaiśya, tâu Đại vương, thì khiến việc nông canh được tiến hành theo lẽ công bằng và phép tắc chính đáng.”

Word by Word

क्षत्रियाःKshatriyas

प्रवर्तन्तेact / proceed / engage (in their duties)

सर्ववर्णानुरंजनैःby pleasing/conciliating all the varnas

वैश्याःVaishyas

कृषिम्agriculture / farming

यथाas / according to

अन्यायम्injustice (improperly)

कारयन्तिcause to be done / carry out

नराधिपO lord of men (king)

नरेश्वरO king, lord of men

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśampāyana

kṣatriyas

vaiśyas

narādhipa (the king, addressee)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents an ethical model of social functioning: rulers (kṣatriyas) uphold stability by ensuring the welfare and satisfaction of all groups, while producers/merchants (vaiśyas) sustain society through agriculture and economic activity conducted according to nyāya—fairness, law, and propriety.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana describes normative conduct within society, highlighting how different social orders perform their roles: the kingly/warrior class governs by conciliating and caring for all varṇas, and the vaiśya class organizes cultivation and livelihood in a just and orderly manner.