Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

Brāhmaṇa-māhātmya: Tārkṣya’s instruction on tapas, satya, and svadharma

Chapter 182

युधिछिर उवाच दानाद्‌ वा सर्प सत्याद्‌ वा किमतो गुरु दृश्यते । अहिंसाप्रिययोश्वैव गुरुलाघवमुच्यताम्‌,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--नागराज! दान और सत्यमें किसका पलड़ा भारी देखा जाता है? अहिंसा और प्रियभाषण--इनमेंसे किसका महत्त्व अधिक है और किसका कम? यह बताओ

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | dānād vā sarpa satyād vā kim ato guru dṛśyate | ahiṃsāpriyayor caiva gurulāghavam ucyatām ||

Yudhiṣṭhira hỏi: “Hỡi Long vương! Giữa bố thí và chân thật, điều nào được xem là nặng hơn? Và giữa bất bạo hại cùng lời nói êm đẹp, điều nào quan trọng hơn, điều nào nhẹ hơn? Xin hãy nói rõ sự nặng nhẹ ấy.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दानात्from/than giving (charity)
दानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
सर्पO serpent (king)
सर्प:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सत्यात्from/than truth
सत्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
किम्what (which one)
किम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अतःtherefore / among these
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
गुरुheavier, more important
गुरु:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुरु
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दृश्यतेis seen/appears
दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रिययोःof the two (things) that are dear / of (ahimsā and) the dear (speech)
प्रिययोः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गुरु-लाघवम्heaviness and lightness (relative importance)
गुरु-लाघवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु + लाघव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उच्यताम्let it be stated / please tell
उच्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormImperative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (passive)

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sarpa (Nāga/serpent king)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry about moral prioritization: when virtues appear to compete—charity vs truth, non-violence vs pleasing speech—one must discern which carries greater ethical weight in a given context.

In the Vana Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a Nāga (serpent king) and asks for a judgment on the comparative importance of key virtues, seeking guidance on how to rank and apply them.