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Shloka 51

Kuberasaras-darśana (Bhīma beholds Kubera’s guarded lotus-lake) / कुबेरसरः-दर्शनम्

तपोधर्मदमेज्याभिरविप्रा यान्ति यथा दिवम्‌ | दानातिथ्यक्रियाधर्मर्यान्ति वैश्याश्व सद्गतिम्‌

tapo-dharma-dama-ejyābhir aviprā yānti yathā divam | dāna-atithya-kriyā-dharmair yānti vaiśyāś ca sadgatim ||

Nhờ khổ hạnh, hạnh pháp, tự chế và tế tự, ngay cả những người không phải brāhmaṇa cũng đạt đến cõi trời. Còn nhờ bố thí, tiếp đãi khách và chu toàn các việc bổn phận theo phép tắc, các vaiśya cũng đến được cảnh giới tốt lành.

तपःby austerity
तपः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मby righteousness/duty
धर्म:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दमby self-control
दम:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
इज्याभिःby sacrifices/worship (rites)
इज्याभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइज्या
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Plural
विप्राःbrahmins
विप्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यान्तिgo/attain
यान्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Plural
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
दिवम्heaven
दिवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दानby giving/charity
दान:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आतिथ्यby hospitality
आतिथ्य:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआतिथ्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
क्रियाby (proper) acts/observances
क्रिया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मैःby duties/virtues
धर्मैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यान्तिgo/attain
यान्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Plural
वैश्याःvaisyas
वैश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सद्गतिम्good state/destination
सद्गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसद्गति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
vaiśyas
A
aviprāḥ (non-brāhmaṇas)
D
diva (heaven)
S
sadgati (good destination)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that spiritual and ethical attainment is accessible through appropriate virtues and duties: austerity, righteousness, self-control, and worship lead to heaven even for non-brāhmaṇas, while charity, hospitality, and faithful performance of prescribed duties lead vaiśyas to an auspicious destiny.

In Vaiśampāyana’s narration, a general dharma-instruction is being stated: different social groups are described as reaching higher states through the virtues and duties especially associated with them, emphasizing conduct over mere status.