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Shloka 6

Aṣṭāvakra–Kahoda Upākhyāna: Śvetaketu’s Āśrama, Sarasvatī, and the Origin of Aṣṭāvakra

यो हि कश्रिद्‌ द्विजान्‌ हन्याद्‌ गां वा लोकस्य मातरम्‌ । शरणागतं च त्यजते तुल्यं तेषां हि पातकम्‌

yo hi kaścid dvijān hanyād gāṁ vā lokasya mātaram | śaraṇāgataṁ ca tyajate tulyaṁ teṣāṁ hi pātakam, bāja ||

Diều hâu nói: “Kẻ nào giết một Bà-la-môn, hay sát hại con bò—mẹ của thế gian—hoặc ruồng bỏ người đã đến cầu nương tựa: tội của những việc ấy đều như nhau. Hãy nhìn con bồ câu đáng thương này run rẩy vì sợ hãi; nó tìm đến ta chỉ để giữ mạng. Trong cảnh ngộ như vậy mà xua đuổi nó đi thì thật đáng bị lên án sâu nặng.”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कश्चित्someone/anyone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजान्Brahmins (lit. twice-born)
द्विजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हन्यात्might kill/should kill
हन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
लोकस्यof the world/people
लोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मातरम्mother
मातरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
शरणागतम्one who has come for refuge
शरणागतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशरणागत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्यजतेabandons/gives up
त्यजते:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
तुल्यम्equal
तुल्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तेषाम्of those (three)
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
पातकम्sin/offence
पातकम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपातक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

श्येन उवाच

Ś
Śyena (hawk)
D
dvija (Brahmin)
G
gauḥ (cow)
Ś
śaraṇāgata (refuge-seeker/suppliant)
B
bāja (king, addressee)

Educational Q&A

Abandoning a person (or creature) who has sought refuge is presented as a grave adharma, equated in moral weight with killing a Brahmin or slaughtering a cow. The verse elevates the duty of protection (rakṣaṇa) and fidelity to refuge (śaraṇāgata-dharma) as a paramount ethical obligation.

The hawk argues a moral point by comparing sins: it insists that rejecting a refuge-seeker is severely blameworthy. In context, it points to the frightened pigeon that has sought protection, using the pigeon’s fear and dependence to underscore the seriousness of abandoning one who has come for safety.