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Shloka 39

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय ९३: कृष्णस्य धृतराष्ट्रोपदेशः

Kṛṣṇa’s Counsel to Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Assembly

स्मयमानस्तु राजानं भीष्मद्रोणौ च माधव: । अभ्यभाषत धर्मात्मा राज्ञश्नान्यान्‌ यथावय:

smayamānas tu rājānaṁ bhīṣmadroṇau ca mādhavaḥ | abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā rājñaś cānyān yathāvayaḥ ||

Mỉm cười, Mādhava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa), người giữ chí hướng chính trực theo dharma, cất lời với vua Dhṛtarāṣṭra, rồi với Bhīṣma và Droṇa; và tùy theo phẩm trật, địa vị của từng người, Ngài cũng chuyện trò với các vua khác. Cảnh ấy nêu bật lễ độ ngoại giao và sự tự chế theo dharma trong một khoảnh khắc chính trị đầy căng thẳng.

स्मयमानःsmiling
स्मयमानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्मयमान (√स्मि/स्मय्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजानम्the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भीष्मद्रोणौBhīṣma and Droṇa
भीष्मद्रोणौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्मद्रोण (भीष्म + द्रोण)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
माधवःMādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
माधवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यभाषतspoke to/addressed
अभ्यभाषत:
TypeVerb
Root√भाष् (अभि-)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मात्माrighteous-souled
धर्मात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मात्मन् (धर्म + आत्मन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अन्यान्other
अन्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यथाaccording to/as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
अवयःage (stage of life)
अवयः:
TypeNoun
Rootअवयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
M
Mādhava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bhīṣma
D
Droṇa
O
other kings (unnamed)

Educational Q&A

Even amid looming conflict, dharma expresses itself through self-control, respectful speech, and addressing people according to propriety (age, rank, and role). Kṛṣṇa’s smile and measured conversation model ethical diplomacy rather than agitation or insult.

Vaiśampāyana narrates that Kṛṣṇa, maintaining a calm and courteous demeanor, speaks with King Dhṛtarāṣṭra and the senior elders Bhīṣma and Droṇa, and then engages other kings in a manner suited to their status—setting the tone for formal counsel in the Kuru court during the Udyoga Parva.