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Shloka 16

Udyoga Parva Adhyaya 62 — Duryodhana’s Claim of Victory and Vidura’s Allegories on Discord and Risk

कामो लोभश्व दर्पश्न मन्युर्निद्रा विकत्थनम्‌ । मान ईर्ष्या च शोकश्न नैतद्‌ दान्तो निषेवते । अजिदट्दममशठं शुद्धमेतद्‌ दान्तस्य लक्षणम्‌,दमनशील पुरुष काम, लोभ, अभिमान, क्रोध, निद्रा, आत्मप्रशंसा, मान, ईर्ष्या तथा शोक--इन दुर्गुणोंको अपने पास नहीं फटकने देता। कुटिलता और शठताका अभाव तथा आत्मशुद्धि यह दमयुक्त पुरुषका लक्षण है

kāmo lobhaś ca darpaś ca manyur nidrā vikatthanam | māna īrṣyā ca śokaś ca naitad dānto niṣevate || ajihmaṃ damaṃ aśaṭhaṃ śuddham etad dāntasya lakṣaṇam ||

Vidura nói: Dục vọng, tham lam, kiêu mạn, giận dữ, ngủ quá độ và khoe khoang—cùng với khát cầu danh dự, lòng đố kỵ và nỗi sầu—người tự chế (dānta) không hề buông mình theo. Sự ngay thẳng, kỷ luật tự kiềm, không gian trá, và thanh tịnh nội tâm—đó là những dấu hiệu của kẻ thật sự tự trị.

कामःdesire
कामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोभःgreed
लोभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दर्पःpride/arrogance
दर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मन्युःanger/wrath
मन्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निद्राsleep (sloth)
निद्रा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिद्रा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विकत्थनम्boasting/self-praise
विकत्थनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविकत्थन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मानःself-esteem/vanity (honor-pride)
मानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ईर्ष्याenvy
ईर्ष्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootईर्ष्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शोकःgrief
शोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (set of faults)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दान्तःself-controlled (tamed)
दान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निषेवतेresorts to/indulges in
निषेवते:
TypeVerb
Rootसेव्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
अजिह्मम्not crooked, straightforward
अजिह्मम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजिह्म
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अदमम्not unrestrained (i.e., restrained)
अदमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअदम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अशठम्not deceitful, guileless
अशठम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअशठ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शुद्धम्pure
शुद्धम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दान्तस्यof the self-controlled person
दान्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootदान्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
लक्षणम्mark/characteristic
लक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

Vidura defines the character of a dānta (self-controlled) person by two sides: (1) avoidance of inner enemies—desire, greed, pride, anger, slothful sleep, boastfulness, status-craving, envy, and grief; and (2) cultivation of positive traits—straightforwardness, disciplined restraint, freedom from deceit, and inner purity.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers moral and political counsel during the tense pre-war negotiations. This verse is part of his ethical instruction, describing the qualities that make a person fit for wise conduct and stable judgment amid conflict.