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Shloka 42

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा स सेनापतिरप्रमेय: परामृदनन्निषुभिर्धार्तराष्ट्रान्‌ । द्रोणं रणे शत्रुसहो5भियाता तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌,जब शत्रुओंका सामना करनेमें समर्थ अपरिमित शक्तिशाली सेनापति धृष्टद्युम्न अपने बाणोंद्वारा धृतराष्ट्र-पुत्रोंको कुचलता हुआ आचार्य द्रोगपर आक्रमण करेगा, उस समय युद्धका परिणाम सोचकर दुर्योधन बहुत पछतायेगा

sañjaya uvāca |

yadā sa senāpatir aprameyaḥ parāmṛdnann iṣubhir dhārtarāṣṭrān |

droṇaṃ raṇe śatrusahaḥ abhiyātā tadā yuddhaṃ dhārtarāṣṭro ’nvatapsyat ||

Sañjaya nói: “Khi vị thống soái vô lượng—Dṛṣṭadyumna, kẻ đủ sức đối mặt quân thù nơi chiến địa—lấy mưa tên nghiền nát các con của Dhṛtarāṣṭra và tiến lên để công kích Droṇa trong trận chiến, thì Duryodhana sẽ bừng cháy trong hối hận, trầm tư về những gì cuộc chiến đã gieo xuống đời mình.”

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सेनापतिःcommander (general)
सेनापतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेनापति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अप्रमेयःimmeasurable, unfathomable
अप्रमेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रमेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परामृदन्crushing, trampling down
परामृदन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरामृद् (परि+मृद्)
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
नन्(poetic/phonetic filler; part of participial formation in some recensions)
नन्:
TypeParticle
Rootनन्
इषुभिःwith arrows
इषुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइषु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
धार्तराष्ट्रान्the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas)
धार्तराष्ट्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्रोणम्Droṇa
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शत्रुसहःable to withstand enemies
शत्रुसहः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशत्रुसह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभियाताhaving attacked / advancing against
अभियाता:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+या (यातृ/यात)
FormPast active participle (agentive), used as nominative singular masculine, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
युद्धेin the war
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःDuryodhana (the Dhṛtarāṣṭra prince)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्वतप्स्यत्will regret, will be pained
अन्वतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु+तप्
FormSimple future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dṛṣṭadyumna
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas)
D
Droṇa
D
Duryodhana
A
arrows
B
battle/war

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the moral consequence of choosing adharma: aggressive ambition and refusal of peace lead to inevitable suffering, and the instigator (here, Duryodhana) is later consumed by remorse when the destructive results unfold.

Sañjaya foretells a battlefield scene: Dṛṣṭadyumna, the Pāṇḍava commander, will overpower the Kauravas with arrows and move to attack Droṇa; witnessing the war’s grim turn, Duryodhana will be tormented by regret over the outcome he set in motion.