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Shloka 104

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

गोमायुसंघाश्च नदन्ति रात्रौ रक्षांस्यथो निष्पतन्त्यन्तरिक्षात्‌ । मृगा: शृगाला: शितिकण्ठाश्न काका गृथ्रा बकाश्नैव तरक्षवश्च,'रातमें गीदड़ोंक दल कोलाहल मचाते हैं, राक्षत आकाशसे पृथिवीपर टूटे पड़ते हैं तथा हिरण, सियार, मोर, कौआ, गीध, बगुला और चीते मेरे रथके समीप दौड़े आते हैं

sañjaya uvāca | gomāyusaṅghāś ca nadanti rātrau rakṣāṁsy atho niṣpatanty antarīkṣāt | mṛgāḥ śṛgālāḥ śitikaṇṭhāś ca kākā gṛdhrā bakāś caiva tarakṣavaś ca ||

Sañjaya nói: “Ban đêm, bầy chó rừng tru vang náo loạn; và các rākṣasa như thể bị phóng từ trời cao, sà xuống. Nai, chó rừng, công, quạ, kền kền, cò và linh cẩu cũng lao đến sát bên chiến xa của ta.”

गोमायु-संघाःpacks of jackals
गोमायु-संघाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोमायु + संघ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नदन्तिhowl/cry
नदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
रक्षांसिdemons/evil spirits
रक्षांसि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अथthen/also
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
निष्पतन्तिrush forth/leap down
निष्पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अन्तरिक्षात्from the sky/atmosphere
अन्तरिक्षात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तरिक्ष
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मृगाःdeer
मृगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शृगालाःjackals
शृगालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशृगाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शितिकण्ठाःpeacocks (lit. blue-necked ones)
शितिकण्ठाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशितिकण्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
काकाःcrows
काकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गृध्राःvultures
गृध्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृध्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बकाःcranes/herons
बकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तरक्षवःhyenas (often glossed as a fierce beast; sometimes taken as leopards)
तरक्षवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतरक्षु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
chariot (ratha)
R
rākṣasas
J
jackals (gomāyu/śṛgāla)
D
deer (mṛga)
P
peacocks (śitikaṇṭha)
C
crows (kāka)
V
vultures (gṛdhra)
H
herons/cranes (baka)
H
hyenas (tarakṣu)

Educational Q&A

The verse conveys that when society moves toward adharma and mass violence, nature and the unseen realm appear disturbed; ominous portents function as moral warnings, urging restraint, right counsel, and a return to dharma before irreversible harm occurs.

Sañjaya reports frightening nighttime signs around his chariot—howling jackals, rākṣasas seeming to descend from the sky, and scavenger or wild birds and beasts gathering—presented as forebodings of the catastrophic war that is drawing near.