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Shloka 30

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

त्यक्तेद्रव्यैर्यद्‌ भवति नोपयुक्तैश्न कामतः । न च द्रव्यैस्तद्‌ भवति नोपयुक्तैश्न कामत:

tyaktair dravyair yad bhavati nopayuktaiḥ na kāmataḥ | na ca dravyais tad bhavati nopayuktaiḥ na kāmataḥ ||

Sanatsujāta dạy rằng sự tự do nội tâm gọi là “vô dục” không sinh ra từ việc tùy ý hưởng thụ của cải. Điều đạt được nhờ xả bỏ những tài vật không dùng đến hay không cần thiết, không thể đạt được bằng cách hưởng chính những thứ ấy để cầu khoái lạc; và vô dục cũng không thành chỉ bởi tích lũy giàu sang—ngay cả việc tiêu dùng để thỏa ham muốn cũng không phải là từ bỏ dục vọng.

त्यक्तैःby/with things abandoned
त्यक्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यक्त (√त्यज्)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
द्रव्यैःby/with possessions/wealth
द्रव्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रव्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भवतिarises/comes to be
भवति:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपयुक्तैःby/with things used/enjoyed
उपयुक्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउपयुक्त (√युज्)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामतःaccording to desire; willingly
कामतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकामतस्
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
द्रव्यैःby/with possessions/wealth
द्रव्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रव्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तत्that (same thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भवतिarises/comes to be
भवति:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपयुक्तैःby/with things used/enjoyed
उपयुक्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउपयुक्त (√युज्)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामतःaccording to desire; willingly
कामतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकामतस्

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta

Educational Q&A

Desirelessness (nishkāmatā/vairāgya) is not produced by indulging in wealth and objects for pleasure; it arises from a disciplined relation to possessions—especially the capacity to relinquish attachment—rather than from accumulation or gratification.

In the Sanatsujātīya section of Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs Dhṛtarāṣṭra on spiritual and ethical principles. Here he contrasts renunciation and indulgence, emphasizing that true freedom from desire is not achieved through enjoyment or mere possession.