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Shloka 36

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

यदतप्तं प्रणमति न तत्‌ संतापयन्त्यपि । यच्च स्वयं नतं दारु न तत्‌ संनमयन्त्यपि,जो धातु बिना गरम किये मुड़ जाते हैं, उन्हें आगमें नहीं तपाते। जो काठ स्वयं झुका होता है, उसे कोई झुकानेका प्रयत्न नहीं करता

yad ataptaṁ praṇamati na tat santāpayanty api | yac ca svayaṁ nataṁ dāru na tat saṁnamayanty api ||

Vidura nhận xét: Thứ gì uốn được mà không cần nung nóng thì cũng không bị đem đi nung thêm; khúc gỗ đã tự cong sẵn thì chẳng ai còn ép nó cong nữa. Về đạo lý, ông ngụ ý rằng người biết tự nguyện thuận theo lời khuyên phải lẽ thì không cần bị thúc ép khắc nghiệt—sự nghiêm khắc dành cho kẻ bướng bỉnh, không phải cho người đã chịu nghe.

यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अतप्तम्unheated, not made hot
अतप्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतप् (कृदन्त: तप्त) + अ-
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रणमतिbends, yields
प्रणमति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नम्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
संतापयन्तिthey heat, make hot, torment
संतापयन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-तप् (णिच्)
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्वयम्of itself, by itself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
नतम्bent, bowed
नतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनम् (कृदन्त: नत)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दारुwood, timber
दारु:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदारु
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
संनमयन्तिthey bend (it), make (it) bow
संनमयन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नम् (णिच्)
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
F
fire (implied by heating)
W
wood (dāru)

Educational Q&A

Do not apply harsh measures where gentle compliance already exists. One who yields voluntarily to right counsel should not be further pressured; coercion is reserved for those who resist dharma and reason.

In the Udyoga Parva’s counsel-filled setting, Vidura speaks in the mode of nīti (practical ethics), using a craft analogy—heating metal and bending wood—to advise that treatment should match disposition: the already pliant need no force.