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Shloka 48

अध्याय २९ — वासुदेव–संजय संवादः

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and the Ethics of Governance

इदं पुनर्वचन धार्त॑राष्ट्र सुयोधनं संजय श्रावयेथा: । यस्ते शरीरे हृदयं दुनोति काम: कुरूनसपत्नो<नुशिष्याम्‌

idaṃ punarvacanaṃ dhārtarāṣṭra suyodhanaṃ saṃjaya śrāvayethāḥ | yas te śarīre hṛdayaṃ dunoti kāmaḥ kurūn asapatno 'nuśiṣyām, saṃjaya |

“Saṃjaya, hãy nhắc lại thông điệp này cho Suyodhana, con của Dhṛtarāṣṭra: ‘Cơn khát vọng đã dấy lên trong ngươi—muốn trị vì nhà Kuru không kẻ đối địch—chỉ khiến tim ngươi bị giày vò. Không có cách nào để nó thành tựu. Chúng ta không hèn yếu đến mức để điều ngươi ưa thích được toại nguyện. Hỡi dũng sĩ bậc nhất của dòng Bharata: hãy trả Indraprastha lại cho ta, bằng không thì hãy chọn chiến tranh.’”

इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
वचनम्speech/words
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रO Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्र:
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सुयोधनम्Suyodhana (Duryodhana)
सुयोधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुयोधन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्रावयेथाःyou should cause to hear / recite
श्रावयेथाः:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (णिच्: श्रावय)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwhich/who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
शरीरेin (your) body
शरीरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
हृदयम्heart/mind
हृदयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहृदय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुनोतिafflicts/torments
दुनोति:
TypeVerb
Rootदु (दुनोति)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कामःdesire
कामः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरून्the Kurus
कुरून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
असपत्नःwithout rivals, uncontested
असपत्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअसपत्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुशिष्याम्may I rule/govern (after instructing/disciplining)
अनुशिष्याम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + शास् (अनुशिष्य)
FormOptative, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana (Suyodhana, Dhārtarāṣṭra)
K
Kurus
B
Bharatas
I
Indraprastha

Educational Q&A

Unrestrained desire for unrivalled power (kāma) becomes self-torment and leads to ruin; righteous kingship requires restraint and fairness. When a just claim is denied, a kṣatriya may issue a final ethical ultimatum: restore what is due or face war.

Yudhiṣṭhira instructs Sañjaya to deliver a firm message to Duryodhana: his ambition to rule the Kurus without rival is impossible to realize without causing conflict; therefore he must return Indraprastha to the Pāṇḍavas, otherwise war will follow.