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Shloka 11

Bhīṣma’s Dream-Counsel and the Prasvāpa Astra (भीष्मस्वप्नदर्शनम् / प्रस्वापास्त्रोपदेशः)

क्षत्रियस्थ तु धर्मोड्यं यद्‌ युद्धे भूगुनन्दन । स्वाध्यायो व्रतचर्याथ ब्राह्मणानां परं धनम्‌

kṣatriyasya tu dharmo ’yaṃ yad yuddhe bhṛgunandana | svādhyāyo vratacaryā ca brāhmaṇānāṃ paraṃ dhanam ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi hậu duệ của Bhṛgu, đối với một kṣatriya, bổn phận đúng đắn chính là sự kiên định nơi chiến trận. Còn đối với các brāhmaṇa, kho báu tối thượng là việc học Veda một cách nghiêm cẩn và giữ gìn những lời nguyện cao quý.”

क्षत्रियस्यof a Kshatriya
क्षत्रियस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धर्मःduty/dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उद्यमःendeavor/effort
उद्यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउद्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्namely/that which
यत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भृगुनन्दनO descendant/delight of Bhrigu
भृगुनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभृगुनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्वाध्यायःVedic self-study/recitation
स्वाध्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्रतचर्याobservance of vows
व्रतचर्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्रतचर्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
परम्supreme/highest
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
धनम्wealth/treasure
धनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भृगुनन्दनO descendant/delight of Bhrigu
भृगुनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभृगुनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhṛgunandana (descendant of Bhṛgu)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma distinguishes role-based dharma: a kṣatriya’s righteousness is expressed through courage and duty in battle, while a brāhmaṇa’s highest good lies in Vedic study (svādhyāya) and disciplined observance of vows (vrata).

In the Udyoga Parva’s counsel and deliberations before the great war, Bhīṣma instructs a Bhārgava interlocutor by clarifying what constitutes proper conduct for different social roles, emphasizing that dharma is contextual to one’s station and discipline.