Shloka 2

Gālava’s Eastern Ascent with Garuḍa; Counsel on Kāla and Upāya (उद्योगपर्व, अध्याय ११०)

Devanagari script

उत्तरस्य हिरण्यस्य परिवापश्ष गालव । मार्ग: पश्चिमपूर्वाभ्यां दिग्भ्यां वै मध्यम: स्मृत:

Transliteration

yuparṇa uvāca |

uttarasya hiraṇyasya parivāpaś ca gālava |

mārgaḥ paścima-pūrvābhyāṃ digbhyāṃ vai madhyamaḥ smṛtaḥ ||

Translation

Yuparṇa nói: “Hỡi Gālava, phương Bắc được xem là nơi ngự trị và nguồn phát sinh của vàng thượng hạng cùng các kho báu khác. ‘Con đường phương Bắc’ được ghi nhớ như lối trung đạo, nằm giữa hai phương Tây và Đông.”

Word by Word

• उत्तरस्य: of the northern (region/path)
• उत्तरस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: उत्तर
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• हिरण्यस्य: of gold
• हिरण्यस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिरण्य
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• परिवापः: abundance/heap/accumulation (lit. a spreading/strewing around)
• परिवापः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिवाप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• गालव: O Galava
• Type: Noun (Proper name)
• Root: गालव
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• मार्गः: path/route
• मार्गः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पश्चिम: from the western (direction)
• पश्चिम: Apadana
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: पश्चिम
• Form: Feminine, Ablative, Singular

• पूर्वाभ्याम्: from the two: east (and ...)
• पूर्वाभ्याम्: Apadana
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: Feminine, Ablative/Instrumental, Dual

• दिग्भ्याम्: from the two directions
• दिग्भ्याम्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश्
• Form: Feminine, Ablative/Instrumental, Dual

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• मध्यमः: middle/intermediate
• मध्यमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्मृतः: is considered/remembered (as)
• Type: Verb (Past passive participle used predicatively)
• Root: स्मृ (धातु); स्मृत (कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, —, Passive (PPP)

Speaker

युपर्ण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yuparṇa
• Gālava
• Uttara-diś (North)
• Paścima-diś (West)
• Pūrva-diś (East)
• Hiraṇya (Gold)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse conveys a traditional mapping of space: the north is associated with prosperity and treasure, and the ‘northern route’ is defined as an intermediate course between east and west—highlighting how direction, travel, and resources were conceptually organized in epic discourse.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yuparṇa addresses Gālava and explains the significance of the northern direction—its reputation as a repository of gold and wealth—and clarifies how the northern route is situated relative to the eastern and western quarters.