Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 20

स्वर्गे दुर्योधनदर्शनम् | Duryodhana Seen in Heaven

Triviṣṭapa

यदि दुर्योधनस्यैते वीरलोका: सनातना: । अधर्मज्ञस्थ पापस्य पृथिवीसुद्ददां द्रुह:

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | yadi duryodhanasyāite vīralokāḥ sanātanāḥ | adharmajñasya pāpasya pṛthivī-suddaḍāṃ druhaḥ |

Vaiśaṃpāyana nói: “Nếu những cõi vĩnh hằng dành cho bậc anh hùng này lại được ban cho Duryodhana—kẻ tội lỗi, mù mịt về dharma, kẻ phản bội đã khiến mặt đất cùng ngựa, voi và người phải tiêu vong—thì các anh em của ta nay đã đạt đến cõi nào: những dũng sĩ đại hồn, giữ đại nguyện, thề giữ lời, lừng danh khắp thế gian, can trường và nói lời chân thật? Ta muốn được thấy họ. Và ta cũng muốn gặp đại hồn Karṇa, con của Kuntī, người kiên định với chân ngôn.”

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
दुर्योधनस्यof Duryodhana
दुर्योधनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वीरलोकाःworlds/realms of heroes
वीरलोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीरलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सनातनाःeternal
सनातनाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अधर्मज्ञस्यof one who knows (only) adharma / who is ignorant of dharma
अधर्मज्ञस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पापस्यof the sinful one
पापस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
पृथिवीम्the earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उद्ददाम्I gave up / I abandoned
उद्ददाम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-दा
FormImperfect (Lan), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्रुहःbetraying; treacherous
द्रुहः:
Karta
TypeKridanta
Rootद्रुह्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Present participle (Parasmaipada), from √द्रुह्

वैशग्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
D
Duryodhana
K
Kuntī
K
Karṇa
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
V
vīraloka (heroic realms)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds a moral paradox central to the Mahābhārata: heavenly reward can follow outwardly ‘heroic’ conduct (kṣatriya valor, battlefield death) even when a person is ethically compromised. It challenges simplistic equations of victory, reputation, or even heavenly attainment with true dharma, pushing the listener to reflect on layered causality (karma), role-based duty, and the limits of human moral judgment.

In Svargārohaṇa, after reaching the other world, Yudhiṣṭhira (speaking through Vaiśaṃpāyana’s narration) is disturbed to learn that Duryodhana has attained heroic realms. He contrasts Duryodhana’s betrayal and earth-destroying war with the virtues of his own brothers and expresses a desire to see them—and also to meet Karṇa, Kuntī’s son—seeking clarity about their posthumous destinies.