Shloka 12

Devanagari script

पज्चाला निहताः: सर्वे धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमा: । द्रुपदस्यात्मजाश्रैव द्रौपदेयाश्व पातिता:

Transliteration

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | pañcālā nihatāḥ sarve dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ | drupadasyātmajāś caiva draupadeyāś ca pātitāḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśaṃpāyana nói: Tất cả người Pañcāla đều bị giết—kể cả những người do Dhṛṣṭadyumna dẫn đầu. Các con trai của Drupada cũng vậy, và các con trai của Draupadī cũng bị đánh gục.

Word by Word

पाञ्चालाःthe Panchalas

निहताःslain

सर्वेall

धृष्टद्युम्न-पुरोगमाःhaving Dhrishtadyumna in front (led by Dhrishtadyumna)

द्रुपदस्यof Drupada

आत्मजाःsons

चand

एवindeed/just

द्रौपदेयाःthe sons of Draupadi

चand

पातिताःfelled/slain

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vaiśaṃpāyana

Pañcālas

Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Drupada

Draupadī

Draupadeyas

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical tragedy of war: even those aligned with dharma suffer irreparable losses. It points to the sobering truth that violence multiplies grief, and that triumph in battle does not prevent moral and emotional devastation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśaṃpāyana reports the destruction of the Pañcāla forces, including their leader Dhṛṣṭadyumna, along with Drupada’s sons and Draupadī’s sons. This belongs to the lament-filled aftermath where the scale of slaughter is recounted and mourned.