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Shloka 48

राजधर्मः—प्रमादवर्जनं, दण्डनीतिः, दुर्बलरक्षणम्

Royal Dharma: Vigilance, Just Punishment, Protection of the Vulnerable

न जात्वदक्षो नृपति: प्रजा: शक्नोति रक्षितुम्‌ | भारो हि सुमहांस्तात राज्यं नाम सुदुष्करम्‌,तात! जो दक्ष नहीं है, वह राजा कभी प्रजाकी रक्षा नहीं कर सकता; क्योंकि यह राज्यका संचालनरूप अत्यंत दुष्कर कार्य बहुत बड़ा भार है

na jātvadakṣo nṛpatiḥ prajāḥ śaknoti rakṣitum | bhāro hi sumahāṁs tāta rājyaṁ nāma suduṣkaram |

Utathya nói: “Này con, một vị vua thiếu năng lực thì không bao giờ có thể thật sự bảo hộ thần dân. Bởi gánh nặng mang tên ‘vương quyền’ vô cùng khó nhọc, là một trọng trách lớn lao.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जातुever, at any time
जातु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजातु
अदक्षःinefficient, not competent
अदक्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअदक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपतिःking
नृपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
शक्नोतिis able
शक्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootशक्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
रक्षितुम्to protect
रक्षितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormTumun (infinitive)
भारःburden
भारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सुमहान्very great
सुमहान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one, son (address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राज्यम्kingship, kingdom, rule
राज्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नामcalled, namely
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
सुदुष्करम्very difficult to do
सुदुष्करम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुष्कर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

उतथ्य उवाच

U
Utathya
N
nṛpati (king)
P
prajā (subjects)
R
rājya (kingship/kingdom)

Educational Q&A

Kingship is not merely a title but a demanding moral and practical responsibility; without competence (dakṣatā), a ruler cannot protect the people, and thus fails in rajadharma.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance, the sage Utathya addresses a listener (tāta) and emphasizes that ruling is an arduous burden; only a capable king can safeguard the subjects.