Shloka 38

राष्ट्रगुप्ति-संग्रहः

Protection of the Realm and Principles of Revenue & Local Administration

Devanagari script

अजस्मुपयोक्तव्यं फलं गोमिषु भारत । प्रभावयन्ति राष्ट्र च व्यवहारं कृषिं तथा

Transliteration

ajas mupayoktavyaṁ phalaṁ gomiṣu bhārata | prabhāvayanti rāṣṭraṁ ca vyavahāraṁ kṛṣiṁ tathā |

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi Bharata, phải luôn trao cho người ta phần quả xứng đáng với công lao của họ—nhất là những người làm nghề buôn bán, thương mại. Chính họ làm mạnh vương quốc khi duy trì sự lưu thông hàng hóa và dịch vụ, các nghề nghiệp và sinh kế, thậm chí cả nông nghiệp. Vì vậy, trả công công bằng là bổn phận của bậc quân vương, để giữ gìn thịnh vượng và trật tự xã hội.”

Word by Word

• अजस्रम्: always, continually
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अजस्र
• Form: avyaya (adverb)

• उपयोक्तव्यम्: should be given/assigned (is to be bestowed)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उपयुज्
• Form: gerundive (तव्यत्), neuter nominative/accusative singular; impersonal obligation

• फलम्: fruit, reward
• फलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फल
• Form: neuter accusative singular

• गोमिषु: among cows / in cattle (context: in matters of cattle/wealth)
• गोमिषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो
• Form: masculine locative plural

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: masculine vocative singular

• प्रभावयन्ति: they promote, they cause to flourish
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रभावय्
• Form: present tense (लट्), parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

• राष्ट्रम्: the kingdom/state
• राष्ट्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र
• Form: neuter accusative singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: avyaya (conjunction)

• व्यवहारम्: commerce, business dealings
• व्यवहारम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यवहार
• Form: masculine accusative singular

• कृषिम्: agriculture, farming
• कृषिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृषि
• Form: feminine accusative singular

• तथा: likewise, also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: avyaya (adverb)

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: masculine vocative singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Bharata (addressed king)
• rāṣṭra (the kingdom/state)
• vyavahāra (commerce/transactions)
• kṛṣi (agriculture)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler (and society) must ensure fair and timely recompense for labor, especially for those who sustain commerce and production, because their well-being directly supports the prosperity and stability of the state.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma advises the Bharata king on practical governance: rewarding and supporting traders and productive classes so that commerce, occupations, and agriculture flourish in the kingdom.