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Shloka 6

Chapter 81: Trust, Allies, and the Qualifications of the King’s Artha-Secretary (अर्थसचिव)

चतुर्णा मध्यमौ श्रेष्टी नित्यं शड्क्यौ तथापरौ । सर्वे नित्यं शड्कितव्या: प्रत्यक्ष कार्यमात्मन:

caturṇā madhyamau śreṣṭī nityaṁ śaṅkyau tathāparau | sarve nityaṁ śaṅkitavyāḥ pratyakṣa-kāryam ātmanaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Trong bốn hạng bằng hữu, hai hạng ‘ở giữa’ được xem là tốt nhất—kẻ gắn bó do tự chọn và kẻ thương mến một cách tự nhiên. Nhưng hai hạng còn lại phải luôn dè chừng. Thật vậy, giữ mục đích thực tiễn của mình làm trọng, người ta phải không ngừng cảnh giác với mọi loại bạn bè.”

चतुर्णाम्of the four
चतुर्णाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
मध्यमौthe two middle (ones)
मध्यमौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
श्रेष्ठीbest/superior
श्रेष्ठी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
शङ्क्यौto be suspected
शङ्क्यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशङ्क्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अपरौthe other two
अपरौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
शङ्कितव्याःshould be suspected
शङ्कितव्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशङ्कितव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रत्यक्षम्directly/clearly; as evident (object)
प्रत्यक्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कार्यम्task/interest (what is to be done)
कार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Even when some friends are genuinely good, one should not become careless; practical self-interest and discernment require steady vigilance in all friendships.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma and nīti in the Śānti Parva, he classifies friends into four types, praises the two ‘middle’ kinds as best, yet urges constant caution—especially toward the remaining two—and, in principle, toward all.