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Shloka 4

आपद्धर्मे वैश्यवृत्तिः, विक्रय-निषेधाः, तथा ब्रह्म-क्षत्र-सम्बन्धः

Emergency Livelihood, Prohibited Trade, and Brahman–Kshatra Regulation

भीष्म उवाच सुरा लवणमित्येव तिलान्‌ केसरिण: पशून्‌ | वृषभान्‌ मधुमांसं च कृतान्नं च युधिष्ठिर,भीष्मजीने कहा--तात युधिष्ठिर! ब्राह्मणको मांस, मदिरा, शहद, नमक, तिल, बनायी हुई रसोई, घोड़ा तथा बैल, गाय, बकरा, भेड़ और भैंस आदि पशु--इन वस्तुओंका विक्रय तो सभी अवस्थाओंमें त्याग देना चाहिये; क्योंकि इनको बेचनेसे ब्राह्मण नरकमें पड़ता है

bhīṣma uvāca surā lavaṇam ity eva tilān kesariṇaḥ paśūn | vṛṣabhān madhumāṁsaṁ ca kṛtānnaṁ ca yudhiṣṭhira ||

Bhīṣma đáp: “Hỡi Yudhiṣṭhira, rượu và muối, hạt mè, các loài thú màu vàng nâu (như màu sư tử), bò đực, mật ong và thịt, cùng đồ ăn đã nấu chín—đó là những thứ mà một Bà-la-môn phải từ bỏ việc buôn bán trong mọi hoàn cảnh.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
सुराliquor
सुरा:
TypeNoun
Rootसुरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
लवणम्salt
लवणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootलवण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तिलान्sesame seeds
तिलान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतिल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
केसरिणःof the maned one (horse)
केसरिणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकेसरिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पशून्animals/cattle
पशून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वृषभान्bulls
वृषभान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मधुhoney
मधु:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमधु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मांसम्meat
मांसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृतान्नम्cooked food
कृतान्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृतान्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
L
liquor (surā)
S
salt (lavaṇa)
S
sesame (tila)
L
livestock/animals (paśu)
B
bulls (vṛṣabha)
H
honey (madhu)
M
meat (māṁsa)
C
cooked food (kṛtānna)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that a Brahmin should avoid trading in certain items—especially intoxicants, meat-related goods, and particular food/animal commodities—because such commerce is considered contrary to Brahminical dharma and purity-based obligations.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma is advising King Yudhishthira on rules of right conduct, here focusing specifically on occupations and kinds of trade that are forbidden for Brahmins.