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Shloka 5

Chapter 78: Royal Responsibility for Wealth, Social Order, and the Protection of Dvijas

Kekaya Exemplum

अभिशस्तमिवात्मानं मन्यन्ते येन कर्मणा । तस्माद्‌ राजर्षय: सर्वे ब्राह्मणानन्वपालयन्‌,ब्राह्मणमें उक्त दोष आ जाय तो उससे राजा अपने आपको कलडूकित मानते हैं; इसीलिये सभी राजर्षियोंने ब्राह्मणोंकी सदा ही रक्षा की है

abhiśastam ivātmānaṃ manyante yena karmaṇā | tasmād rājarṣayaḥ sarve brāhmaṇān anvapālayan |

Bhīṣma nói: “Bất cứ hành vi nào khiến nhà vua mang tiếng bị chê trách liên quan đến một bà-la-môn, thì vua tự thấy mình như kẻ bị kết án trước công chúng. Vì thế, các bậc vương thánh (rājarṣi) luôn nhất mực bảo hộ và chăm lo cho giới bà-la-môn, để giữ vững dharma và thanh danh đạo hạnh của chính mình.”

अभिशस्तम्accused, censured
अभिशस्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिशस्त (कृदन्त; अभि-शंस्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आत्मानम्self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मन्यन्तेthey think/consider
मन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Ātmanepada
येनby which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कर्मणाby an act/deed
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
राजर्षयःroyal sages, king-sages
राजर्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अन्वपालयन्they protected, guarded
अन्वपालयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-पाल्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājarṣayaḥ (royal sages/kings)
B
brāhmaṇāḥ (brāhmaṇas)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s moral legitimacy is tied to how he treats brāhmaṇas and the learned; wrongdoing that brings blame in relation to them makes the king feel ‘condemned,’ so wise kings protect and support them as a matter of rajadharma.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on kingship in the Śānti Parva, he explains why earlier royal sages consistently safeguarded brāhmaṇas: any censurable act involving them stains the king’s conscience and reputation, so protection of brāhmaṇas is presented as a practical and ethical duty of rule.