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Shloka 88

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

अशुभस्य चतुर्थाशस्त्रीनंशाननुवर्तते | कृष्टपच्यैव पृथिवी भवन्त्योषधयस्तथा

aśubhasya caturthāṃśas trīn aṃśān anuvartate | kṛṣṭapacyāiva pṛthivī bhavanty oṣadhayas tathā ||

Bhīṣma nói: Khi một phần tư điều bất tường theo sau ba phần (công đức), thế gian bước vào trạng thái như buổi đầu của thời đại Tretā. Trong trạng thái ấy, đất chỉ cho hạt thóc khi được cày bừa và gieo trồng, cây thuốc cũng nảy sinh nhờ sự canh tác như vậy—báo hiệu sự suy giảm khỏi cảnh sung túc không cần gắng sức, và sự lệ thuộc lớn hơn vào nỗ lực có kỷ cương dưới nền trị vì chính đạo.

अशुभस्यof inauspiciousness/evil
अशुभस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअशुभ
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चतुर्थःthe fourth part
चतुर्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अंशःportion/share
अंशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअंश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अंशान्parts/shares
अंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुवर्ततेfollows/keeps to
अनुवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु√वृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
कृष्टपच्याby ploughing-and-sowing (i.e., by cultivation)
कृष्टपच्या:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्टपच्या
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पृथिवीthe earth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भवन्तिcome to be/arise
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
ओषधयःplants/herbs
ओषधयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootओषधि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
O
Oṣadhayaḥ (medicinal herbs)

Educational Q&A

Moral and social conditions are linked to righteous governance and the balance of merit and demerit: as inauspiciousness increases (even as a subordinate ‘fourth part’), nature’s spontaneous abundance diminishes and human society must rely more on disciplined effort (cultivation), reflecting a step down from a higher yuga.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma and royal policy (daṇḍanīti), he describes a yuga-transition scenario: when the world’s moral balance shifts so that a portion of ‘aśubha’ trails the dominant ‘good,’ the age resembles the onset of Tretā, marked by the earth producing crops and herbs only through ploughing and sowing.