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Shloka 66

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

षाड्गुण्यं च त्रिवर्ग च त्रिवर्गपरमं तथा । यो वेत्ति पुरुषव्याप्र स भुड्क्ते पृथिवीमिमाम्‌

ṣāḍguṇyaṃ ca trivargaṃ ca trivargaparamaṃ tathā | yo vetti puruṣavyāghra sa bhuṅkte pṛthivīm imām ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi bậc hổ trong loài người, vị vua nào thật sự thấu hiểu chính sách sáu mặt (ṣāḍguṇya), ba mục tiêu của đời sống (trivarga), và cả điều tối thượng vượt lên trên ba mục tiêu ấy—chỉ người đó mới xứng đáng hưởng dụng và cai trị cõi đất này.”

षाड्गुण्यम्the sixfold policy (ṣāḍguṇya)
षाड्गुण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootषाड्गुण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रिवर्गम्the three aims (dharma-artha-kāma)
त्रिवर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रिवर्गपरम्that which is supreme beyond the three aims (i.e., mokṣa)
त्रिवर्गपरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिवर्गपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेत्तिknows
वेत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुरुषव्याघ्रO tiger among men
पुरुषव्याघ्र:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भुङ्क्तेenjoys/rules/possesses
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
पृथिवीम्the earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इमाम्this
इमाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषसिंहO lion among men
पुरुषसिंह:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषसिंह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
pṛthivī (the earth/kingdom)
P
puruṣavyāghra (addressed hero/king)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy and success rest on integrated wisdom: mastery of practical statecraft (the six measures), balanced pursuit of dharma–artha–kāma, and orientation to the highest good beyond them (trivargaparamam). Such knowledge makes one truly fit to wield sovereignty.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma is advising the king (addressed as ‘puruṣavyāghra’) that only a ruler who understands both political strategy and the hierarchy of human aims is capable of properly enjoying and governing the earth.