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Shloka 41

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

दुर्गाणां चाभितो राजा मूलच्छेदं प्रकारयेत्‌ । सर्वेषां क्षुद्रवृक्षाणां चैत्यवृक्षान्‌ विवर्जयेत्‌

durgāṇāṃ cābhito rājā mūlacchedaṃ prakārayet | sarveṣāṃ kṣudravṛkṣāṇāṃ caityavṛkṣān vivarjayet ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Nhà vua phải cho nhổ tận gốc và phá hủy những đồn lũy nhỏ cùng các nơi ẩn náu quanh cõi mình. Cũng vậy, hãy cho chặt hết những cây thấp, bụi rậm—chỉ trừ các cây ‘caitya’ linh thiêng gắn với đền miếu—để kẻ thù không còn chỗ ẩn nấp.”

दुर्गाणाम्of forts/strongholds
दुर्गाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभितःaround, on all sides
अभितः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभितः
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मूलच्छेदम्uprooting; cutting at the root
मूलच्छेदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूलच्छेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रकारयेत्should cause to be done; should have (it) carried out
प्रकारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+कृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, लिङ्
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
क्षुद्रवृक्षाणाम्of small trees/shrubs
क्षुद्रवृक्षाणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुद्रवृक्ष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
चैत्यवृक्षान्sacred/temple-related trees
चैत्यवृक्षान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचैत्यवृक्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विवर्जयेत्should avoid/leave out; should exempt
विवर्जयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+वृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, लिङ्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (king)
D
durga (fort/stronghold)
C
caitya-vṛkṣa (sacred shrine-tree)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must remove potential cover and hidden refuges that could aid enemies, but should still respect religious sanctity by sparing sacred caitya-associated trees—balancing security with dharmic restraint.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on rājadharma in Śānti Parva, he advises practical measures for protecting the kingdom: clearing nearby strongholds and undergrowth that could conceal hostile forces, while exempting trees regarded as sacred.