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Shloka 33

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

यदा तु पीडितो राजा भवेद्‌ू राज्ञा बलीयसा । तदाभिसंभ्रयेद्‌ दुर्ग बुद्धिमान पृथिवीपति:,बुद्धिमान्‌ पृथ्वीपालक नरेश जब किसी अत्यन्त बलवान राजासे पीड़ित होने लगे, तब उसे दुर्गका आश्रय लेना चाहिये

yadā tu pīḍito rājā bhaved rājñā balīyasā | tadābhisaṁśrayed durgaṁ buddhimān pṛthivīpatiḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi một vị vua bị một vị vua khác, mạnh hơn, áp bức, thì bậc minh quân—chúa tể của cõi đất—nên nương náu trong thành lũy. Trong đạo trị quốc, việc rút lui thận trọng vào một cứ điểm kiên cố được xem là phương kế chính đáng để giữ gìn quốc độ và che chở thần dân khi gặp thế lực vượt trội.”

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पीडितःafflicted/oppressed
पीडितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपीडित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be/becomes
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राज्ञाby a king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
बलीयसाstronger/more powerful
बलीयसा:
TypeAdjective
Rootबलीयस्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
अभिसंभ्रयेत्should resort to/take refuge in
अभिसंभ्रयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-सम्-भृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुर्गम्fort/stronghold
दुर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बुद्धिमान्wise/intelligent
बुद्धिमान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पृथिवीपतिःlord of the earth (king)
पृथिवीपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवीपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
S
stronger king (balīyān rājā)
F
fort/stronghold (durga)

Educational Q&A

A wise ruler, when pressured by a stronger enemy-king, may rightly seek safety in a fort; strategic retreat and defense are part of responsible kingship aimed at preserving the kingdom and safeguarding the people.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on rājadharma in the Śānti Parva, he advises the king on practical responses to political-military danger, specifically recommending taking shelter in a fortified stronghold when overpowered.