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Shloka 21

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

न च वश्यो भवेदस्य नृपो यश्चातिवीर्यवान्‌ | हीनश्न बलवीर्याभ्यां कर्षयंस्तत्परो वसेत्‌

na ca vaśyo bhaved asya nṛpo yaś cātivīryavān | hīnaś ca balavīryābhyāṁ karṣayaṁs tatparo vaset ||

Bhishma nói: Một vị vua yếu về binh lực và võ công không nên trở thành kẻ lệ thuộc, cúi đầu trước một bậc quân vương quá đỗi hùng mạnh. Trái lại, vẫn giữ chí lo cho sự an toàn của mình, ông ta nên tiếp tục tồn tại và âm thầm bào mòn sức mạnh của kẻ địch ấy—dùng những biện pháp kín đáo, nhẫn nại—chứ không đối đầu công khai.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वश्यःsubmissive; under control
वश्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be; might become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अस्यof him; of this (king)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
नृपःking
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अति-वीर्यवान्very powerful; possessing excessive strength
अति-वीर्यवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हीनःdeprived; lacking
हीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बल-वीर्याभ्याम्by strength and prowess
बल-वीर्याभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल; वीर्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
कर्षयन्weakening; reducing; wearing down
कर्षयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृष्
FormShatr (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्-परःintent on that; devoted to that (strategy)
तत्-परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वसेत्should dwell; should remain
वसेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
N
nṛpa (king)
A
ativīryavān nṛpa (exceedingly powerful king)
P
prabala śatru (powerful enemy, implied)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches pragmatic statecraft: a weaker king should not accept humiliating subservience to an overwhelmingly powerful ruler; instead he should preserve autonomy and patiently weaken the adversary through discreet, strategic means rather than direct confrontation.

In Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and policy, Bhishma advises the listener on how a king should respond when facing a far stronger rival—counseling caution, concealment, and long-term strategy over open submission or reckless battle.