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Shloka 29

Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)

मानुषाणामधिपतिं देवभूतं सनातनम्‌ । देवापि नावमन्यन्ते धर्मकामं नरेश्वरम्‌,राजा मनुष्योंका अधिपति, सनातन देवस्वरूप तथा धर्मकी इच्छा रखनेवाला होता है। देवता भी उसका अपमान नहीं करते हैं

mānuṣāṇām adhipatiṁ devabhūtaṁ sanātanam | devā api nāvamanyante dharmakāmaṁ nareśvaram ||

Indra nói: “Nhà vua là bậc chủ tể của loài người, uy nghi cổ xưa bất tận, mang dáng dấp thần linh. Vì nhà vua hướng về dharma và ước muốn điều chính đáng, nên ngay cả chư thiên cũng không dám khinh mạn vị quân vương ấy.”

मानुषाणाम्of humans
मानुषाणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अधिपतिम्lord, ruler
अधिपतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअधिपति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
देवभूतम्having become divine; god-like
देवभूतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवभूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सनातनम्eternal, ancient
सनातनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवमन्यन्तेdisrespect, slight
अवमन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + मन्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
धर्मकामम्desirous of dharma; one who seeks righteousness
धर्मकामम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नरेश्वरम्king; lord of men
नरेश्वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

इन्द्र उवाच

इन्द्र (Indra)
नरेश्वर (the king/ruler)
देवाः (the gods)

Educational Q&A

A ruler who is committed to dharma possesses a sanctified, godlike authority; therefore, even the gods are said to honor him. The verse elevates ethical kingship as a pillar of cosmic and social order.

Indra is describing the stature of a righteous king, emphasizing that the king—when oriented toward dharma—commands reverence not only from people but symbolically even from the gods.