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Shloka 22

Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)

एतान्येवंप्रकाराणि विहितानि पुरानघ । सर्वलोकस्य कर्माणि कर्तव्यानीह पार्थिव

etāny evaṁprakārāṇi vihitāni purānagha | sarvalokasya karmāṇi kartavyānīha pārthiva || niṣpāpa nareśa |

Indra nói: “Hỡi bậc vô tội, những bổn phận ấy—thuộc các loại như vậy—đã được đặt định từ thuở xưa. Trong đời này, hỡi vua, mọi hành vi và nghĩa vụ của tất cả mọi người đều phải được thực hiện đúng theo đó. Hỡi đấng không tì vết giữa loài người, ngay cả những kẻ sống bằng cướp bóc cũng phải tuân giữ các điều ấy một cách nghiêm chỉnh.”

एतानिthese (things/duties)
एतानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
एवंthus
एवं:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
प्रकाराणिkinds, modes
प्रकाराणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकार
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
विहितानिprescribed, laid down
विहितानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा (धातु) → विहित (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
पुराformerly, earlier
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
अनघO sinless one
अनघ:
TypeNoun (Vocative epithet)
Rootअनघ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वलोकस्यof all the world/people
सर्वलोकस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वलोक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कर्माणिduties, actions
कर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
कर्तव्यानिto be done, obligatory
कर्तव्यानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → कर्तव्य (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
इहhere (in this world/context)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun (Vocative epithet)
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निष्पापO sinless one
निष्पाप:
TypeNoun/Adjective (Vocative epithet)
Rootनिष्पाप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेशO lord of men, O king
नरेश:
TypeNoun (Vocative)
Rootनरेश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra
K
King (addressed as pārthiva/nareśa)
A
All people (sarvaloka)
P
Prajāpati Brahmā (implied by the accompanying Hindi gloss)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not optional or private: the duties appropriate to human life were established long ago and are binding on all. Even those inclined to wrongdoing are urged to conform to the ordained moral order.

Indra addresses a king, reminding him that the framework of prescribed duties for society is ancient and authoritative, and that the ruler should uphold and expect adherence to these duties across all groups.