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Shloka 20

Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)

अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधो वृत्तिदायानुपालनम्‌ | भरणं पुत्रदाराणां शौचमद्रोह एव च

ahiṃsā satyam akrodho vṛttidāyānupālanam | bharaṇaṃ putradārāṇāṃ śaucam adroha eva ca ||

Indra nói: “Bất bạo hại (ahiṃsā), nói lời chân thật, không để sân hận chi phối, gìn giữ phần sinh kế và phần quyền lợi chính đáng đã được phân định (kể cả gia sản thừa kế), nuôi dưỡng vợ con, giữ sự thanh tịnh bên ngoài lẫn bên trong, và từ bỏ lòng ác ý—đó là pháp (dharma) chung ràng buộc mọi người.”

अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अक्रोधःabsence of anger
अक्रोधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृत्तिlivelihood; means of living
वृत्ति:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दायinheritance; share
दाय:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदाय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुपालनम्protection; maintenance; observance
अनुपालनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुपालन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भरणम्support; maintenance
भरणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रof sons
पुत्र:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दाराणाम्of wives
दाराणाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदार
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
शौचम्purity; cleanliness
शौचम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशौच
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अद्रोहःabsence of malice; non-treachery
अद्रोहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra

Educational Q&A

The verse defines a set of universal ethical duties: non-violence, truth, freedom from anger, protecting one’s rightful livelihood and inheritance, supporting one’s family, maintaining purity, and abandoning malice—presented as dharma applicable to all.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Indra speaks as an authoritative teacher, listing foundational virtues and household responsibilities as a concise statement of common dharma.