Shloka 31

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

Devanagari script

राज्ञा वा समनुज्ञात: काम॑ कुर्वीत धार्मिक: । तस्य वृत्तिं प्रवक्ष्यामि यच्च तस्योपजीवनम्‌

Transliteration

rājñā vā samanujñātaḥ kāmaṁ kurvīta dhārmikaḥ | tasya vṛttiṁ pravakṣyāmi yac ca tasyopajīvanam ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Hoặc, khi được nhà vua cho phép đúng phép, người sống theo dharma có thể theo đuổi việc mình chọn. Nay ta sẽ nói về cách mưu sinh thích đáng của người ấy—con đường để tự nuôi sống mình—để đời sống vẫn thuận theo dharma.”

Word by Word

• राज्ञा: by the king
• राज्ञा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• समनुज्ञातः: having been permitted/authorized
• समनुज्ञातः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-अनु-ज्ञा (समनुज्ञात)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कामम्: as he wishes; at will
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: काम

• कुर्वीत: should do; may perform
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• धार्मिकः: a righteous man
• धार्मिकः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धार्मिक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तस्य: of him; his
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• वृत्तिम्: means of livelihood; mode of living
• वृत्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रवक्ष्यामि: I shall declare
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-वच्
• Form: Simple Future (Lṛṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यत्: which; that which
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तस्य: of him; his
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• उपजीवनम्: livelihood; subsistence
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपजीवन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (rājā)