Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 127

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

स्थापनं चाकरोद्‌ विष्णु: स्वयमेव सनातन: । नातिवर्तिष्यते कश्चिद्‌ राज॑स्त्वामिति भारत

sthāpanaṃ cākarod viṣṇuḥ svayam eva sanātanaḥ | nātivartiṣyate kaścid rājās tvām iti bhārata ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Chính Viṣṇu vĩnh cửu đã tự mình lập ra khuôn phép này: ‘Hỡi vua, hỡi dòng Bhārata, sẽ không ai có thể vượt qua mệnh lệnh của ngươi.’” Câu kệ nhấn mạnh rằng quyền uy vương giả, khi hòa hợp với dharma, không chỉ là sức mạnh cá nhân, mà là một ranh giới được đặt nền trên thần ý để giữ gìn trật tự và ngăn điều vượt phạm.

स्थापनम्establishment; setting up (a rule/limit)
स्थापनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्थापन (√स्था + ल्युट्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अकरोत्made; established; did
अकरोत्:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विष्णुःVishnu
विष्णुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वयम्himself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सनातनःeternal
सनातनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतिवर्तिष्यतेwill transgress; will overstep
अतिवर्तिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-√वृत्
FormFuture (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
कश्चित्anyone; someone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चित् (क + चित्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजःO king
राजः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
इतिthus; saying
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भरतनन्दनO delight of Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भरतनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-नन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Viṣṇu
B
Bhārata (addressee: the king of the Bharata line)

Educational Q&A

Legitimate kingship is protected by a divinely sanctioned moral boundary: when a ruler’s command is grounded in dharma, it functions as an ordinance meant to restrain transgression and preserve order, not as arbitrary force.

Bhīṣma, instructing the king (addressed as ‘Bhārata’), states that Viṣṇu himself instituted a rule ensuring that no one would be able to violate the king’s rightful command—framing royal authority as established for the maintenance of dharma.