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Shloka 111

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

मन्त्रिणो वालखिल्याश्ष सारस्वत्यो गणस्तथा । महर्षिर्भगवान्‌ गर्गस्तस्य सांवत्सरो5भवत्‌

mantriṇo vālakhilyāś ca sārasvatyo gaṇas tathā | maharṣir bhagavān gargas tasya sāṁvatsaro 'bhavat ||

Bhishma nói: “Các hiền triết Vālakhilya, cùng nhóm hiền triết cư ngụ bên bờ sông Sarasvatī, đã đảm nhiệm vai trò đại thần của ông. Bậc đại hiền đáng tôn kính Garga trở thành ‘sāṁvatsara’ của ông—nhà chiêm tinh triều đình và người tính lịch năm.”

मन्त्रिणःministers/counsellors
मन्त्रिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वालखिल्याःthe Vālakhilya sages
वालखिल्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवालखिल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सारस्वत्यःthe Sārasvatīs (Sarasvatī-associated sages/ascetics)
सारस्वत्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसारस्वती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
गणःgroup, assemblage
गणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
महर्षिःgreat seer
महर्षिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भगवान्venerable, blessed
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गर्गःGarga (name of a sage)
गर्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him, his
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सांवत्सरःannual priest/astrologer (saṃvatsara-officiant)
सांवत्सरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसांवत्सर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभवत्became, was
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
V
Vālakhilya sages
S
Sārasvatya (Sarasvatī-bank) sages
S
Sarasvatī River
M
Maharshi Garga

Educational Q&A

Righteous governance is strengthened when a ruler relies on disciplined, learned sages for counsel and on competent experts (such as a jyotiṣa authority) for orderly regulation of time and ritual—showing that dharma in public life depends on wise advisors and proper institutions.

Bhishma describes the composition of a ruler’s court: the Vālakhilyas and the Sarasvatī-bank sages function as ministers, while the revered seer Garga serves as the court’s annual time-reckoner/astrologer (sāṁvatsara).