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Shloka 27

Rājā–Rāja-Śabda-Prabhavaḥ — The Origin and Rationale of Kingship and Daṇḍanīti

“मनुष्य यज्ञ आदिमें घीकी आहुति देकर हमारे लिये ऊपरकी ओर वर्षा करते थे और हम उनके लिये नीचेकी ओर पानी बरसाते थे; परंतु अब उनके यज्ञकर्मका लोप हो जानेसे हमारा जीवन संशयमें पड़ गया है ।।

manuṣyā yajñādau ghṛtāhutiṃ dattvā asmākaṃ kṛte ūrdhvaṃ varṣaṃ kurvanti sma, vayaṃ ca teṣāṃ kṛte adho jalaṃ varṣayāma sma; kintu idānīṃ teṣāṃ yajñakarmalopena asmākaṃ jīvitaṃ saṃśaye patitam. atra niḥśreyasaṃ yan naḥ tad dhyāyasva pitāmaha. tvatprabhāvasamuttho 'sau svabhāvo no vinaśyati.

Bhishma nói: “Thuở trước, loài người mở đầu tế lễ bằng việc dâng bơ tinh khiết (ghee), gửi lễ vật lên cao vì chúng ta; và chúng ta đáp lại bằng cách cho mưa nước đổ xuống vì họ. Nhưng nay, khi nghi lễ tế tự suy tàn và biến mất, chính sự tồn tại của chúng ta rơi vào điều bất định. Bạch Tổ Phụ, xin hãy suy xét con đường nào đem lại phúc lợi chân thật cho chúng ta. Bản tính thần linh vốn phát sinh từ uy lực của Người nay đang dần mất đi.”

अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
नि:श्रेयसम्highest good, welfare
नि:श्रेयसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनि:श्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that (what)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
नःfor us / our
नः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormFirst, Genitive/Dative, Plural
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ध्यायस्वthink/consider (you)
ध्यायस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootध्यै
FormLot (Imperative), Atmanepada, Second, Singular
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्वत्from you
त्वत्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormSecond, Ablative, Singular
प्रभावpower, influence
प्रभाव:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभाव
FormMasculine, Instrumental (as compound-member sense), Singular
समुत्थःarisen, produced
समुत्थः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमुत्थ (सम्+उत्था)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असौthis/that (yonder)
असौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअसद्/असौ (दर्शक सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वभावःnature, innate disposition
स्वभावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नःof us / our
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormFirst, Genitive, Plural
विनश्यतिperishes, is being destroyed
विनश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootनश् (वि+नश्)
FormLat (Present), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
P
Pitāmaha (Grandfather/elder addressed)
M
Manuṣyāḥ (humans)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)
G
Ghṛta (ghee)
Ā
Āhuti (oblation)
V
Varṣā (rain)
J
Jala (water)

Educational Q&A

The verse stresses reciprocity between human duty (yajña and offerings) and cosmic support (rain and sustenance). When dharmic practices that uphold this exchange decline, both human society and the divine order become unstable; therefore one should seek niḥśreyasa—measures that restore true welfare and right order.

Bhishma reports a breakdown of the traditional exchange: humans once offered ghee in sacrifice, and the divine side responded with rain. With sacrifices neglected, the speakers’ continued existence is threatened, so they appeal to the ‘Pitāmaha’ to reflect on a remedy that will secure their welfare and preserve their divinely granted nature.