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Shloka 1

राजधर्मस्य नवनीतम्—रक्षा, दण्ड, चार, उत्थान

Rājadharma’s ‘Essence’: Protection, Punishment, Intelligence, and Royal Diligence

/ - यदि शत्रुपर चढ़ाई की जाय और वह अपनेसे बलवान सिद्ध हो तो उससे मेल कर लेना 'सन्धि' नामक गुण है। यदि दोनोंमें समान बल हो तो लड़ाई जारी रखना '“विग्रह” है। यदि शत्रु दुर्बल हो तो उस अवस्थामें उसके दुर्ग आदिपर जो आक्रमण किया जाता है

bhīṣma uvāca | etat te rājadharmāṇāṃ navanītaṃ yudhiṣṭhira | bṛhaspatir hi bhagavān nyāyyaṃ dharmaṃ praśaṃsati ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi Yudhiṣṭhira, điều ta đã giảng cho con chính là ‘bơ’—tinh túy thượng hạng—của bổn phận bậc quân vương. Bởi chính bậc tôn kính Bṛhaspati cũng tán dương pháp này là công chính và phù hợp với chính đạo, đúng theo phép trị quốc.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेto you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
राजधर्माणाम्of the duties of kings / royal duties
राजधर्माणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नवनीतम्butter; essence
नवनीतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनवनीत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बृहस्पतिःBrihaspati
बृहस्पतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भगवान्venerable, divine
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
न्याय्यम्proper, in accordance with justice
न्याय्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्याय्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma; righteous conduct
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रशंसतिpraises
प्रशंसति:
TypeVerb
Rootशंस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
B
Brihaspati
R
Rajadharma (royal duty)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames his counsel on kingship as the distilled essence of rajadharma and validates it by invoking Brihaspati, an authoritative teacher of dharma and statecraft, emphasizing that sound governance must align with justice (nyaya).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to Yudhishthira after the war, Bhishma concludes or seals a section of royal counsel by declaring it the ‘butter’ (essence) of kingly duty and citing Brihaspati’s approval of such just dharma.