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Shloka 30

अध्याय ५७ — राज्ञः नित्यप्रयत्नः, रक्षा-प्रधानता, तथा त्याग-नीतिः

Chapter 57: Constant Royal Vigilance, Primacy of Protection, and Principles of Dismissal

प्राज्ञस्त्यागगुणोपेत: पररन्ध्रेषु तत्पर: । सुदर्श: सर्ववर्णानां नयापनयवित्‌ तथा

prājñas tyāga-guṇopetaḥ para-randhreṣu tat-paraḥ | sudarśaḥ sarva-varṇānāṁ nayāpanaya-vit tathā ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Người thật sự trí tuệ được trang bị đức tính xả ly. Người ấy chăm chú nhận ra những điểm yếu kín đáo (những chỗ dễ tổn thương) của kẻ khác, và có con mắt phân định đối với mọi tầng lớp trong xã hội. Cũng vậy, người ấy hiểu cả chính sách đúng lẫn chính sách sai—điều nên theo và điều nên tránh.”

प्राज्ञःwise (man)
प्राज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्यागगुणोपेतःendowed with the virtue of renunciation
त्यागगुणोपेतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यागगुणोपेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पररन्ध्रेषुin others' weak points/flaws
पररन्ध्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपररन्ध्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
तत्परःintent, devoted
तत्परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्पर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुदर्शःgood-looking / of good appearance
सुदर्शः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदर्श
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्ववर्णानाम्of all classes/varṇas
सर्ववर्णानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नयापनयवित्knower of policy and impolicy (right and wrong conduct)
नयापनयवित्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनयापनयविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand also / likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma defines the prājña (wise person) as one who combines inner renunciation with sharp discernment: he knows what to accept and what to reject (naya vs. apanaya) and can judge situations and people clearly, including recognizing vulnerabilities that affect practical decision-making.

Within the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and governance after the war, Bhīṣma continues advising the listener on the qualities of an ideal counselor/leader—highlighting renunciation, clear judgment across society, and competence in sound versus unsound policy.