Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 12

अध्याय ५७ — राज्ञः नित्यप्रयत्नः, रक्षा-प्रधानता, तथा त्याग-नीतिः

Chapter 57: Constant Royal Vigilance, Primacy of Protection, and Principles of Dismissal

न हिंस्यात्‌ परवित्तानि देयं काले च दापयेत्‌ । विक्रान्त: सत्यवाक्‌ क्षान्तो नृपो न चलते पथ:

na hiṁsyāt paravittāni deyaṁ kāle ca dāpayet | vikrāntaḥ satyavāk kṣānto nṛpo na calate pathaḥ ||

Bhīṣma dạy rằng: bậc quân vương không được làm tổn hại hay hủy hoại tài sản của người khác, và phải bảo đảm mọi khoản đến hạn đều được chi trả đúng thời. Người trị vì dũng mãnh, lời nói chân thật, lòng nhẫn nại khoan dung thì không lạc khỏi chính đạo của vương pháp và dharma.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हिंस्यात्should harm/destroy
हिंस्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootहिंस् (हिंस)
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Parasmaipada, 3rd, singular, injunctive/optative sense (should)
परवित्तानिothers' wealth/property
परवित्तानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरवित्त (पर + वित्त)
Formneuter, accusative, plural
देयम्what is to be given (due)
देयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदेय (√दा + यत्)
Formneuter, nominative, singular
कालेat the proper time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
Formmasculine, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दापयेत्should cause (it) to be given / should ensure payment
दापयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootदापय (causative of √दा)
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Parasmaipada, 3rd, singular, causative (ṇijanta)
विक्रान्तःvaliant
विक्रान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविक्रान्त (वि + √क्रम् + क्त)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सत्यवाक्truth-speaking
सत्यवाक्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यवाच् (सत्य + वाच्)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
क्षान्तःforbearing/patient
क्षान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षान्त (√क्षम + क्त)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
नृपःking
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चलतेdeviates/moves
चलते:
TypeVerb
Root√चल्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, 3rd, singular
पथःfrom the path (right course)
पथः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपथ
Formmasculine, ablative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nṛpa (the king/ruler)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma is to protect others’ property, ensure timely fulfillment of dues, and cultivate courage, truthfulness, and patience; these virtues keep rulership aligned with the righteous path.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma is advising the king on practical ethical governance—non-injury to subjects’ wealth, proper administration of payments, and the personal virtues required for stable, righteous rule.