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Shloka 50

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

प्रेष्प्माणा विकल्पन्ते गुह्मां चाप्पनुयुञ्जते । अयाच्य॑ चैव याचन्ते भोज्यान्याहारयन्ति च

preṣyamāṇā vikalpante guhyaṃ cāpy anuyuñjate | ayācyaṃ caiva yācante bhojyāny āhārayanti ca ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi sai những kẻ ấy đi làm việc, họ gieo nghi ngờ về sự thành tựu bằng những do dự vô ích. Họ còn dò xét điều đáng giữ kín và phơi bày trước thiên hạ những lỗi kín của nhà vua. Họ xin những điều không nên xin, và thậm chí ăn cả phần ẩm thực đã dành riêng cho quân vương.”

प्रेष्यमाणाःbeing sent (as messengers/agents)
प्रेष्यमाणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रेष्य (प्र-इष्/इष् धातु से निष्पन्न; ‘भेजे जाने योग्य/भेजे गए’)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विकल्पन्तेthey doubt / they raise doubts / they waver
विकल्पन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootविकॢप् (वि-कल्प्)
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
गुह्यांa secret (matter)
गुह्यां:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुह्य (गुह् धातु से; ‘गोप्य/रहस्य’)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso / even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनुयुञ्जतेthey bring up / they press / they question (about)
अनुयुञ्जते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-युज्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
अयाच्यंwhat should not be asked for
अयाच्यं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअयाच्य (याच् धातु; ‘न याचनीय’)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
याचन्तेthey ask / beg
याचन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootयाच्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
भोज्यानिfoods / eatables
भोज्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभोज्य (भुज् धातु; ‘खाने योग्य/भोज्य’)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
आहारयन्तिthey consume / they take for themselves
आहारयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हृ (causative: आहारयति)
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the king (rājā, implied)
C
confidential matters (guhya)
R
royal food/provisions (bhojya)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma warns that untrustworthy attendants undermine governance: they create doubt in missions, violate confidentiality, make improper demands, and misuse royal resources—traits a king should recognize and avoid.

In Bhishma’s instruction on righteous rule and administration, he describes the recognizable behaviors of corrupt or unsuitable servants/agents, illustrating how they harm a ruler’s effectiveness and dignity.