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Shloka 25

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

“अग्नि जलसे, क्षत्रिय ब्राह्मणसे और लोहा पत्थरसे प्रकट हुआ है। इनका तेज अन्य सब स्थानोंपर तो अपना प्रभाव दिखाता है; परंतु अपनेको उत्पन्न करनेवाले कारणसे टक्कर लेनेपर स्वयं ही शान्त हो जाता है ।।

agniḥ jalase, kṣatriyo brāhmaṇase ca, ayas tu aśmnaḥ prabhavo bhavati; eteṣāṁ tejaḥ sarvatra svapratāpaṁ darśayati, kintu svotpattikāraṇena saha saṅgharṣe svayam eva śāmyati. ayo hanti yadā aśmānam, agninā vāri hanyate, brahma ca kṣatriyo dveṣṭi, tadā sīdanti te trayaḥ.

Bhishma nói: “Lửa hiện khởi trong tương quan với nước; Kshatriya hiện khởi trong tương quan với Bà-la-môn; và sắt hiện khởi trong tương quan với đá. Mỗi thứ đều phô bày uy lực trước muôn vật; nhưng khi tranh chấp với chính nguồn gốc hay nguyên lý đối ứng đã làm nó hiển lộ, sức mạnh ấy bị chặn lại và tự lắng yên. Vì vậy, khi sắt đập vào đá, khi lửa gặp nước, và khi một Kshatriya nuôi lòng thù ghét đối với một Bà-la-môn, thì cả ba đều suy tổn—mỗi bên đều yếu đi bởi cuộc va chạm thù nghịch ấy.”

अयःiron
अयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हन्तिstrikes/kills
हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
अश्मानम्stone
अश्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अग्निनाby fire
अग्निना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वारिwater
वारि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवारि
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हन्यतेis destroyed/is killed
हन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive
ब्रह्मthe Brahmin (brahma/Brāhmaṇa principle)
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्रियःKshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्वेष्टिhates
द्वेष्टि:
TypeVerb
Rootद्विष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
सीदन्तिsink/decline/are weakened
सीदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तेthose/they
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
Agni (fire)
J
Jala/Vāri (water)
K
Kshatriya
B
Brahmin (Brāhmaṇa/Brahma)
I
Iron (Ayas)
S
Stone (Aśman)

Educational Q&A

Power should not be turned against its own sustaining counterpart: iron against stone, fire against water, and especially the Kshatriya against the Brahmin. Such antagonism does not yield true gain; it causes mutual harm and the aggressor’s own decline. The verse warns that hatred—particularly toward one’s dharmic guide—undermines strength and stability.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on dharma after the war. Here he uses natural analogies (iron–stone, fire–water) to illustrate a social-ethical principle: when a Kshatriya enters into enmity with a Brahmin, the resulting clash weakens all involved, signaling disorder in the moral and political order.