Shloka 35

Bhīṣma on the Śara-Śayyā: Yudhiṣṭhira and Kṛṣṇa Approach the Eldest for Śānti

Devanagari script

देशजातिकुलानां च जानीषे धर्मलक्षणम्‌ | वेदोक्तो यश्च शिष्टोक्त: सदैव विदितस्तव

Transliteration

deśa-jāti-kulānāṃ ca jānīṣe dharma-lakṣaṇam | vedokto yaś ca śiṣṭoktaḥ sadaiva viditas tava ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Ngài hiểu rất rõ những dấu hiệu phân biệt của dharma khi áp dụng theo vùng đất, cộng đồng và dòng tộc. Và dharma được dạy trong các Veda, cũng như dharma được những bậc trưởng thượng tao nhã, uyên bác xác nhận, từ lâu đã là điều ngài tường tận.”

Word by Word

• {'deśa': 'region, country

• local area with its customs', 'jāti': 'birth-group/community

• social category', 'kula': 'family, lineage, clan', 'dharma': 'duty, law, righteous conduct

• sustaining order', 'lakṣaṇa': 'mark, characteristic, defining feature', 'jānīṣe': 'you know, you understand (2nd person singular, present)', 'veda-ukta': 'stated in the Veda

• scripturally enjoined', 'śiṣṭa-ukta': 'spoken by the śiṣṭas—cultured, exemplary authorities

• traditional learned consensus', 'sadaiva': 'always, at all times', 'vidita': 'known, understood', 'tava': 'to you/your'}

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Veda
• śiṣṭa (learned/exemplary elders)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is recognized through multiple authoritative lenses: local practice (deśa), community norms (jāti), family/lineage traditions (kula), and overarching standards grounded in the Veda and affirmed by respected learned elders (śiṣṭas).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana addresses a listener as someone already well-versed in dharma—both in its contextual forms (regional, communal, familial) and in its higher authorities (Vedic injunction and the guidance of exemplary tradition-bearers).