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Shloka 13

Adhyāya 353 — Kathā-prāmāṇya (Authority of Transmission) and the Brāhmaṇa’s Ascetic Resolve

एवं हि परमात्मानं केचिदिच्छन्ति पण्डिता: । एकात्मानं तथा55त्मानमपरे ज्ञानचिन्तका:

evaṁ hi paramātmānaṁ kecid icchanti paṇḍitāḥ | ekātmānaṁ tathā ātmānam apare jñānacintakāḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Vì thế, có bậc học giả mong đạt đến Tối Thượng Ngã (Paramātman) như một thực tại khác với chính mình. Có người lại khao khát chứng ngộ Tối Thượng như Nhất Ngã—không khác với tự thể của mình. Lại có những hành giả quán chiếu, chuyên tâm vào tri kiến, chỉ nhắm đến việc biết và đạt được ngã cá nhân.”

एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
परमात्मानम्the Supreme Self
परमात्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरमात्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
केचित्some (people)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक-चित् (केचित्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इच्छन्तिdesire, wish (to attain)
इच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छ्)
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पण्डिताःlearned men, sages
पण्डिताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपण्डित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एकात्मानम्the one Self (identical Self)
एकात्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootएकात्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise, similarly
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
आत्मानम्the Self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ज्ञानचिन्तकाःthinkers devoted to knowledge
ज्ञानचिन्तकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानचिन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhishma (Pitamah)
P
Paramatman
A
Atman

Educational Q&A

The verse acknowledges multiple legitimate spiritual orientations: some approach the Supreme as transcendent and distinct, some as identical with one’s own Self (non-dual realization), and some focus on realizing the individual self through contemplative knowledge. It frames these as differing aims among the wise rather than outright contradictions.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and liberation, Bhīṣma is teaching about metaphysical goals and spiritual disciplines. Here he classifies seekers by how they conceive and pursue the highest reality—Supreme Self, one Self, or the individual self.