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Shloka 5

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

जपन्‌ वान्यतमं वेदं योजनानां शतं व्रजेत्‌ । सर्वस्वं वा वेदविदे ब्राह्मणायोपपादयेत्‌

vyāsa uvāca | japan vānyatamaṃ vedaṃ yojanānāṃ śataṃ vrajet | sarvasvaṃ vā vedavide brāhmaṇāyopapādayet | athavā prāyaścittaṃ … |

Vyāsa nói: “Người ta có thể thực hành phép sám hối nghiêm khắc—như không ngừng tụng đọc bất kỳ một bộ Veda nào trong khi đi đường một trăm do-tuần (yojana), hoặc lặp lại cuộc hành trình ấy; hoặc dâng hiến toàn bộ tài sản cho một bà-la-môn thật sự thông hiểu Veda. Nhờ những khổ hạnh nặng nề ấy và sự bồi hoàn rộng rãi đối với bậc học giả, người đã bảo hộ bò và bà-la-môn được giải thoát khỏi tội brahmahatyā (giết bà-la-môn).”

जपन्reciting, muttering
जपन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootजप्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अन्यतमम्one of (the) others; any one
अन्यतमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्यतम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वेदम्Veda
वेदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
योजनानाम्of yojanas
योजनानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootयोजन
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
शतम्a hundred
शतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्रजेत्should go, should travel
व्रजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Present-system (injunctive/optative sense), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वस्वम्all one’s possessions; everything
सर्वस्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वस्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वेदविदेto a knower of the Veda
वेदविदे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवेदविद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
ब्राह्मणायto a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
उपपादयेत्should present, should give, should offer
उपपादयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√पद् (उपपादयति)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Present-system (causative), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
V
Veda
B
Brāhmaṇa (Veda-knowing Brahmin)
Y
yojana (distance measure)
B
brahmahatyā (sin)

Educational Q&A

Grave wrongdoing is addressed through rigorous self-discipline (japa and arduous travel) and through restorative generosity to genuine Vedic learning; the verse frames expiation as both inner austerity and outward restitution, especially in relation to safeguarding cows and Brahmins.

Vyāsa is describing recognized forms of prāyaścitta: reciting a Veda while undertaking long journeys and/or giving one’s wealth to a Veda-knowing Brahmin, presented as means by which a protector of cows and Brahmins can be freed from the taint of brahmahatyā.