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Shloka 22

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

महाव्रतं चरेद्‌ यस्तु दद्यात्‌ सर्वस्वमेव तु । गुर्वर्थे वा हतो युद्धे स मुच्येत्‌ कर्मणो5शुभात्‌

mahāvrataṃ cared yas tu dadyāt sarvasvam eva tu | gurvarthe vā hato yuddhe sa mucyeta karmaṇo'śubhāt ||

Vyāsa nói: Ai thực hành đại thệ (mahāvrata), hoặc bố thí toàn bộ tài sản của mình, hoặc ngã xuống nơi chiến địa vì thầy (guru) — người ấy được giải thoát khỏi sự trói buộc của các nghiệp bất tường. Lời dạy nhấn mạnh rằng kỷ luật khắc nghiệt, sự bố thí trọn vẹn và sự hy sinh thân mình trong phụng sự trung thành có thể trở thành những phương tiện mạnh mẽ để tẩy sạch ô nhiễm đạo đức.

महाव्रतम्a great vow
महाव्रतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहाव्रत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चरेत्should practice/observe
चरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वस्वम्one's entire property/everything
सर्वस्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वस्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गुरु-अर्थेfor the sake of the teacher
गुरु-अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुर्वर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
हतःkilled/slain
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुच्येत्would be freed
मुच्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)
कर्मणःfrom (his) action/deed
कर्मणः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अशुभात्from evil/inauspicious (deed)
अशुभात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुभ
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
G
guru (teacher)
M
mahāvrata (great vow)
Y
yuddha (battle/war)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that certain intense forms of dharmic commitment—a severe vow (tapas), total giving (dāna), or dying in battle for one’s teacher (guru-sevā)—can cleanse a person of inauspicious karmic bonds, highlighting purification through discipline, generosity, and self-sacrifice.

Vyāsa is explaining modes of expiation and moral purification within the Shānti Parva’s broader instruction on dharma: he lists exemplary acts that are considered powerful enough to free a person from the consequences of wrongful deeds.