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Shloka 39

Nārāyaṇasya Guhya-nāmāni Niruktāni (Etymologies of Nārāyaṇa’s Secret Epithets) / नारायणस्य गुह्यनामानि निरुक्तानि

क्षमारित्रां सत्यमयीं धर्मस्थैर्यवटारकाम्‌ । त्यागवाताध्वगां शीघ्रां नौतार्या तां नदीं तरेत्‌

kṣamāritrāṃ satyamayīṃ dharmasthairyavaṭārakām | tyāgavātādhvagāṃ śīghrāṃ nautāryā tāṃ nadīṃ taret ||

Nārada nói: “Hãy vượt qua dòng sông chảy xiết của kiếp thế bằng một con thuyền. Mái chèo của nó là lòng tha thứ; bản thể của nó là chân thật; và dây neo giữ vững là sự kiên định trong dharma. Nhờ ngọn gió thuận của ly tham, dòng nước gấp này có thể vượt qua. Vì vậy, nhất định phải gắng sức vượt qua.”

क्षमाforbearance, forgiveness
क्षमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अरित्राम्oar/pole (as a means of rowing)
अरित्राम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरित्रा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सत्यमयीम्consisting of truth; made of truth
सत्यमयीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यमयी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मस्थैर्यवटारकाम्having dharma and steadfastness as its mooring/anchoring (rope/fastening)
धर्मस्थैर्यवटारकाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म-स्थैर्य-वटारका
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
त्यागवाताध्वगाम्moving with the wind of renunciation
त्यागवाताध्वगाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्याग-वात-अध्वगा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
शीघ्रामswift
शीघ्राम:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशीघ्र
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नौby a boat
नौ:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
तार्याto be crossed; crossable
तार्या:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतार्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ताम्that (her/it)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नदीम्river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तरेत्should cross
तरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

नारद उवाच

N
Nārada
S
saṃsāra (worldly existence) as a river
B
boat (nau)
O
oar (aritra)
W
wind (vāta)

Educational Q&A

Worldly life is likened to a fast river; one crosses it through inner disciplines: truth as the foundation, forgiveness as the active means (oar), steadfast dharma as stabilizing support, and renunciation as the favorable wind that hastens progress toward freedom.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, Nārada delivers moral instruction using a vivid river-and-boat allegory, urging deliberate effort to transcend saṃsāra by cultivating kṣamā (forgiveness), satya (truth), dharma-sthairya (steadfast righteousness), and tyāga (renunciation).