Shloka 51
Yajña-bhāga-vyavasthā and the Pravṛtti–Nivṛtti Framework (यज्ञभागव्यवस्था तथा प्रवृत्तिनिवृत्तिधर्मविवेचनम्)
Devanagari script
यश्चाधर्मेण विब्रूयाद् यश्चारर्मेण मृच्छति
Transliteration
yaścādharmeṇa vibrūyād yaścārarmēṇa mṛcchati
Translation
Bhīṣma nói: “Kẻ nói bằng adharma, và kẻ chết vì hành vi bất chính—cả hai đều mang cùng một lỗi lầm đạo đức: bỏ rơi dharma trong lời nói và trong hành động.”
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अधर्मेणby unrighteousness; unjustly
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विब्रूयात्should speak; would say
विब्रूयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ब्रू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अधर्मेणby unrighteousness; unjustly
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मृच्छतिgoes; proceeds; attains
मृच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootमृच्छ् (गम्/ऋच्छ् अर्थे)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Dharma must govern both speech and conduct; speaking through unrighteous means and reaching one’s end through unrighteous conduct are presented as parallel moral failures.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma continues his instruction on dharma, emphasizing ethical restraint—here focusing on how adharma expressed in speech and adharma expressed in life’s course lead to blameworthy outcomes.