Shloka 18

ब्रह्मघोष-प्रवर्तनम्, अनध्याय-नियमः, वायु-मार्ग-वर्णनम्

Restoring Vedic Recitation, the Anadhyaya Rule, and the Taxonomy of Winds

Devanagari script

ये त्वन्यथैव पश्यन्ति न सम्यक्‌ तेषु दर्शनम्‌ ते व्यक्त निरयं घोरं प्रविशन्ति पुन: पुन:

Transliteration

ye tv anyathaiva paśyanti na samyak teṣu darśanam | te vyakta-nirayaṃ ghoraṃ praviśanti punaḥ punaḥ ||

Translation

Nhưng kẻ cố chấp nhìn mọi sự theo cách khác—tầm kiến của họ đối với những chân lý ấy không ngay thẳng—thì hết lần này đến lần khác rơi vào địa ngục hiển hiện, ghê rợn. Bài kệ cảnh tỉnh rằng sự hiểu biết méo mó và cố ý ngộ nhận về dharma và thực tại sẽ dẫn đến khổ đau tái diễn và suy đồi đạo hạnh.

Word by Word

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• अन्यथा: otherwise, wrongly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यथा

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• पश्यन्ति: see
• Type: Verb
• Root: पश्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• सम्यक्: properly, correctly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक्

• तेषु: in them/among them
• तेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• दर्शनम्: vision, right view
• दर्शनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्शन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• व्यक्तम्: manifest, evident
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यक्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• निरयम्: hell
• निरयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निरय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• घोरम्: terrible
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रविशन्ति: enter
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + विश्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

Speaker

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• याज्ञवल्क्य (Yājñavalkya)
• निरय (Niraya/hell)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Right understanding (samyak-darśana) is ethically decisive: those who knowingly adopt a distorted view of truth and dharma incur repeated suffering, described here as repeatedly entering a dreadful, manifest hell.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation-oriented wisdom, Yājñavalkya states a warning: people who misperceive the relevant truths and do not see correctly fall again and again into severe states of torment (niraya), emphasizing the karmic cost of wrong view.