Shloka 17

ब्रह्मघोष-प्रवर्तनम्, अनध्याय-नियमः, वायु-मार्ग-वर्णनम्

Restoring Vedic Recitation, the Anadhyaya Rule, and the Taxonomy of Winds

Devanagari script

एतेषां सहवासं च निवासं चैव नित्यश: । याथातथ्येन पश्यन्ति न नित्यं प्राकृता जना:

Transliteration

eteṣāṃ sahavāsaṃ ca nivāsaṃ caiva nityaśaḥ | yāthātathyena paśyanti na nityaṃ prākṛtā janāḥ ||

Translation

Người thường không phải lúc nào cũng thấy sự vật đúng như bản tướng của chúng. Dẫu ngày ngày sống chung, giao hội không dứt và cùng cư trú bên nhau, họ vẫn không nhận ra bản tính chân thật của những con người và cảnh huống ấy theo đúng thực tại.

Word by Word

• एतेषाम्: of these (people/things)
• एतेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, genitive, plural

• सहवासम्: living together, association
• सहवासम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहवास
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• निवासम्: dwelling, residence
• निवासम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निवास
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• नित्यशः: always, constantly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्यशस्

• याथातथ्येन: by/with truth as it is, in accordance with reality
• याथातथ्येन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: याथातथ्य
• Form: neuter, instrumental, singular

• पश्यन्ति: they see
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: present, third, plural, parasmaipada

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• नित्यम्: the eternal (as such)
• नित्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• प्राकृताः: ordinary, unrefined
• प्राकृताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राकृत
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

Speaker

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yājñavalkya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Mere proximity or long familiarity does not guarantee true understanding; without discernment, worldly people often fail to perceive the real nature of persons and situations as they actually are.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yājñavalkya is instructing his listener on the limits of ordinary perception, emphasizing that even constant companionship and shared residence do not ensure accurate insight into reality.