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Shloka 2

Śukasya Janma-yoga-phalaṁ — Vyāsasya Tapasā Putrārthaḥ (Śānti-parva 310)

यच्छिवं नित्यमभयं नित्यमक्षरमव्ययम्‌ । शुचि नित्यमनायासं तद्‌ भवान्‌ वक्तुमहति,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--पितामह! जो धर्म और अधर्मके बन्धनसे मुक्त, सम्पूर्ण संशयोंसे रहित, जन्म और मृत्युसे रहित, पुण्य और पापसे मुक्त, नित्य, निर्भय, कल्याणमय, अक्षर, अव्यय (अविकारी), पवित्र एवं क्लेशरहित तत्त्व है, उसका आप हमें उपदेश कीजिये

yāc chivaṁ nityam abhayaṁ nityam akṣaram avyayam | śuci nityam anāyāsaṁ tad bhavān vaktum arhati || yudhiṣṭhira uvāca

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Bạch Tổ phụ, xin dạy cho chúng con về Thực tại cát tường và vĩnh viễn vô úy—thường hằng, bất hoại, bất biến; thanh tịnh, đồng nhất mãi mãi, không gánh chịu khổ lụy. Xin nói cho chúng con về nguyên lý tối thượng ấy, vượt ngoài những đối đãi ràng buộc của dharma và adharma, vượt ngoài nghi hoặc, vượt ngoài sinh tử, và vượt ngoài công đức cùng tội lỗi.”

यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शिवम्auspicious, welfare-giving
शिवम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्eternal, constant
नित्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अभयम्fearless, free from fear
अभयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअभय
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्eternal
नित्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अक्षरम्imperishable; the imperishable (principle)
अक्षरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अव्ययम्unchanging, undecaying
अव्ययम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शुचिpure
शुचि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्always, eternal
नित्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अनायासम्effortless; free from strain
अनायासम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनायास
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that (same principle)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भवान्you (sir)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun (honorific)
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वक्तुम्to speak, to explain
वक्तुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हतिis worthy/ought (to)
अर्हति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the inquiry for the highest, unconditioned principle—described as auspicious, eternal, fearless, imperishable, immutable, pure, and free from affliction. Ethically, it points beyond the ordinary calculus of merit and sin toward liberation (mokṣa) through knowledge of what does not change.

In the instruction-setting of Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully petitions the elder teacher (implicitly Bhīṣma, addressed as ‘Grandfather’) to explain the supreme reality that transcends doubt and the cycle of birth and death, initiating a discourse on liberation-oriented wisdom.